Purinergic receptors and tuberculosis: understanding their role in infection and immune response

This article explores the role of purinergic receptors in the immune response to tuberculosis (TB), specifically focusing on the functions of P2X and A2A receptors in regulating inflammation, immune cell activation, and bacterial control during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The article discusses how ATP and adenosine, as key purinergic signaling molecules, influence TB pathogenesis, with particular attention to their effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, and the formation of granulomas. Furthermore, it highlights the therapeutic potential of P2X7 antagonists and A2A receptor agonists in modulating the immune response to improve treatment outcomes, particularly in latent tuberculosis. The article also emphasizes the need for further research into the role of purinergic signaling in TB to identify new therapeutic strategies.