Alexander Pushkin and the Russian diaspora in Germany: a comparative aspect (the beginning of the 20th and 21st centuries)

This article examines the personality of A. S. Pushkin as one of the central narratives of the Russian diaspora, using comparative analysis as a basis. The author considers memorable dates associated with the poet’s name: Russian Culture Day, held in the 1920s and 1930s, and Russian Language Day, officially celebrated since 2011. The article is divided into two parts. First, based on a study of the historiography of the issue, the author identifies the main trends in the organization and celebration of Russian Culture Day (20th century): close connection with the personality of A. S. Pushkin due to the existing universal unifying potential; general cultural nature of the holiday, which aimed to unite the heterogeneous composition of White émigrés; dependence on personnel, financial and information capabilities; the influence of changes in the composition of the migration wave on the organization of the celebration (suspension of the holiday). Secondly, based on the analysis of modern Internet sources, the author identifies the main trends in the organization and celebration of Russian Language Day (21st century): a clear connection with the personality of A. S. Pushkin; dual nature of the holiday, manifested in the presence of professional-educational and cultural-educational tracks; functioning in conditions of acute crisis and information war; orientation towards the composition of the migration wave. As the research material, attention is mainly paid to Germany, which is due to the historical and cultural context. As a result of the comparative analysis, similarities and differences in the celebration of the Day of Russian Culture and the Day of the Russian Language in the 20th and 21st centuries were established.