Ways of formation and development of Karakol city (1869-1917)

The article describes the history of the founding of the city of Karakol in Northern Kyrgyzstan, which was associated with the policy of the Russian Empire aimed at strengthening its southeastern borders. In the future, the development of crafts, trade and social infrastructure confirmed the well-chosen locatio. The Siberian Commercial and Industrial Yearbook reports that in 1872 there were 150 inhabitants in Karakol. But already by 1914-1915. the population was 15,500; more than 60 handicraft enterprises; several schools. Secular education developed at a good pace. Although it was still too early to talk about a highly educated population. The population was engaged in complex types of economy - cattle breeding, arable farming, trade, gardening, timber industry. People of Uzbek nationality traded mainly, due to the fact that nomads - Kyrgyz, this trade was incomprehensible and was not widely developed. The city of Karakol is one of the first cities in nomadic Kyrgyzstan. Here, a Russian wooden church, a Chinese-style mosque, built with funds from the Dungans, who moved in 1877, have been preserved, you can also see the image of the historical center. At first, houses were built of clay, but because of the seismic zone, then they began to build wooden ones. The appearance of Karakol of the 19th century resembles the plot of the cities of the Central Russian zone. The author shows the difficult situation that occurs with these architectural structures and an approximate plan for preserving the creations of the hands of architects. Karakol of the late 19th - early 20th century, despite its peripheral position, is an administrative, cultural, industrial, and commercial center. In 2019, the city of Karakol turned 150 years old.