Quantitative analysis of physicochemical and phytochemical constituents medicinal herbs

The present investigation has been carried out the Stastical Analysis of physicochemicaland phytochemical constituents medicinal herbs such as flower of Calendula officinalis Linn, leaves of Lantana camara Linn,aerial part of Oldenlantia herbacea L and root of Peristrophe paniculata Forssk.In physicochemical analysis, parameters such as foreign matter, loss drying,total ash,water and acid soluble ash, water and solvent extractive value of plant were determined.And also the quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, tannin, terpenoids, saponin, carbohydrates and protein contents of Calendula officinalis L., Lantana camara L., Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb., and Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. was undertaken as per standardized procedure.Result showed that Loss on drying turned out to be 1.70% in Calendula officinalis L.,1.61 % in Lantana camara L.,1.45% in Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. and 1.31% in Oldenlandia herbacea Roxb. Foreign matters were found to be 2.36% ( Calendula officinalis L.), 2.67% ( Lantana camara L.), 4.03% ( Peristrophe paniculata Forssk.) and 3.73% in Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb and the toal ash was found to be relatively 9.46% in Calendula officinalis L. followed by 10.62 % in Lantana camara L., 9.53% in Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. and 8.34% in Oldenlandia herbacea Roxb. The water solubility of all the selected plants 21.74% ( C. officinalis ), 22.43% ( L. camara ), 22.58% ( P. paniculata ) and 22.68% ( O. herbacea ) were found to be higher compared to ethanol and other solvents. The phenol content was higher in Lantana camara L. (15.95mg) followed by Calendula officinalis L. (12.57mg), Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. (10.63mg) and Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. (3.70mg). The high content of alkaloid was recorded in Calendula officinalis L.(12.57mg) and low content in the Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. (0.39mg). The total tannin content of Calendula officinalis L. ( 78.93µg) was found to be higher than that of other plants.The total flavonoid content of Calendula officinalis L. was 21.51mg followed by 16.44mg for Lantana camara L., 21.29 mg for Peristrophe paniculata Forssk. and 18.43 mg for Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. contains higher concentration of terpenoids (11.65mg/g) compared than that of other three plants. Among the four plants, the levels of carbohydrate and protein content were found to be higher in Calendula officinalis L.(61mg; 5.20mg) respectively. From th results it was concluded that this study will be helpful in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.