The rational reconstruction of the science history in post-positivism and its significance for post-non-classical science

In the paper the author draws attention to post-positivist concepts (T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, St. Tulmin, P. Feyerabend), which criticize each other, offer various research strategies and models of science, actualizing its different methodological problems. Postpositivism considers a rational science reconstruction as the solution to a two-pronged task: reorienting the philosophy of science to the history of science, bringing methodological standards in line with the practice of scientific activity, and at the same time critical rethinking the traditions of historical and scientific researches, ensuring their theoretical level and proper philosophical and methodological culture. The post-positivistic model of science is characterized by a close connection of philosophical (ontological, metaphysical) concepts with scientific knowledge. Philosophy not only “influences” science as a certain external factor, but organically enters the “body” of science as an important component of the knowledge system. The paper concludes that postpositivism significantly brought the methodology of science closer to the real practice of scientific activity, contributing to the formation of the image of post-non-classical human-sized science.