Early nomads of Central Kazakhstan according to archeology and anthropology

The paper represents the results of the research of archaeological and anthropological materials of Tasmola culture in Central Kazakhstan (VIII-V centuries BC). The current investigations of this culture are characterized with widening of the source base, opening of the new types of monuments as well as the obtaining data of the multidisciplinary researches. The documented data on more than 120 burial constructions including bone chambers and burial grounds consider. Settlements, stone sculptures, and menhirs have been discovered and studied. Along with the firstly obtained results of radiocarbon dating of the considerable quantity of objects and others multidisciplinary explorations, the anthropological data prove to be significant. For the first time, the anthropological materials of more than 60 individuals belonged to Tasmola culture have been systematized and generalized. The skeletal bones were originated from the considerable part of the area; despite of it, both male and female series are quite homogeneous, that may prove the common background and early biological mixing inside the «pre-Tasmola community». It is supposed that the core of representatives of Tasmola culture goes back to the Bronze Age population from the territory of Kazakhstan-Altai region and that they had been mixed with some groups of Eastern origins. The serious obstacle for modern researches is the lack of data on the previous periods of the history of the given region. Besides, the scarcity of the data on the Saka cultures of Kazakhstan does not facilitate the wide comparisons in this field.