Location of the teeth in the space of the occlusal sphere of patients with different types of structure of the gnatic part of the face

Functional movements of the lower jaw occur during chewing, swallowing, and talking. These movements are considered with in three planes within certain limits. Many works of domestic and foreign researchers are devoted to the location of teeth in the interdigital space. The main theories of articulation were proposed by W.G. Bonvil (1858), F. Spee (1896), D. Monson (1917), and others. The dentoalveolar system is a closed kinematic system in which all the elements are interconnected and represent concentric circles and spheres with a single functional center. In this article, the location of the teeth in the space of the occlusal sphere on the tomograms of the patients ' heads in the lateral and axial projections is considered. It was found that in patients with brachygnatic structure of the gnatic part of the face, characterized by wide and short dental arches, the teeth in the large occlusal space were located at a lower angle to the center of the circle than in patients with mesognatic structure. In patients with dolichognathic structure, which is characterized by narrow and long dental arches, in a small occlusal space, the teeth were located at a greater angle to the center of the circle, compared to the other two types of structure. The location of the teeth at an angle characteristic of each of the types of structure of the gnatic face shape caused the severity of the compensatory sagittal and transversal curves. This circumstance determines the optimal functional dynamics of the lower jaw in the space of the occlusal sphere of the maxillofacial part of the skull. This eliminates acute and chronic occlusal trauma, normalizes the function of the masticatory muscles and joints.