Distribution of ascaridosis, esophagostomosis and trichocephalosis in pigs in the Russian Federation

The aim of the study was to review the prevalence of the main pig helminthiasis in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the Russian-language literature on the problem of the spread of pig helminthiasis using systemic, comparative-analytical and thesaurus methods of scientific research was carried out. The most common nematodoses, such as ascariasis, esophagostomosis and trichocephalosis were discussed in detail. According to the results of the study, pig helminthiases were widespread throughout the country, especially on the farms with traditional method of keeping. In large specialized complexes the degree of infection of pigs with nematodes was lower. The extensiveness of the invasion, average over the country under ascariasis made about 17 %. In the Central Federal District the extensiveness of A. suum invasion was about 13 %. Volga and Ural - about 15 %, South, Siberian and the Republic of Crimea - 20 %. The second most common among intestinal parasitoses of pigs was esophagostomosis. The greatest extent of invasion was noted in the Southern Federal District - 34 %, then in the Far East - 15, Northwestern - about 12, Central - 8.5 on average, Privolzhsky - about 7, Siberian - 5 %. The Ural Federal District was characterized by the lowest incidence of esophagostomosis in pigs - about 3 %. The third most common helminthic disease of pigs is trichocephalosis. The invasion was widespread, however, it occurred to a greater extent in young animals (more than 30 %), which was the main source of spread of the pathogen of trichocephalosis. Adult 2-3-year-old pigs were much less likely to get sick with trichocephalosis (about 4 %). Reducing the incidence of helminthiases in the pig population can be achieved by paying due attention to the conditions of keeping animals and carrying out systematic disinfecting measures.