Разнообразие алкалоидов и вирулентность спорыньи Claviceps purpurea (fries) Tulasne: эволюция, генетическая диверсификация, метаболическая инженерия (обзор)

Разнообразие алкалоидов и вирулентность спорыньи Claviceps purpurea (fries) Tulasne: эволюция, генетическая диверсификация, метаболическая инженерия (обзор)

Автор: Волнин А.А., Савин П.С.

Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology

Рубрика: Обзоры, проблемы, итоги

Статья в выпуске: 5 т.57, 2022 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Спорынья Claviceps purpurea (Fries) Tulasne имеет важнейшее хозяйтвенное значение: это продуцент большого количества биологически активных соединений - алкалоидов, уникальная модель системы паразит-хозяин, а также патоген, наносящий значительный экономический ущерб сельскому хозяйству. Место происхождения спорыньи - Южная Америка (в палеоцене), возраст Claviceps оценивается в 20,4 млн лет (K. Píchová с соавт., 2018). Внутривидовое разнообразие и дивергенция генов кластера синтеза индольных алкалоидов у спорыньи происходили согласно эволюционной модели «песочных часов» (M. Liu с соавт., 2021). Выделены и охарактеризованы основные эргоалкалоиды C. purpurea - эргометрин, эргозин, эрготамин, a-эргокриптин, эргокорнин, эргокристин и их 8-S(-инин-) эпимеры (они составляли не менее 50 % от общего извлеченного метаболома алкалоидов) (S. Uhlig с соавт., 2021). Показано разное число генов алкалоидного кластера у Claviceps , наличие двух-трех копий генов dmaW , easE , easF , а также факты частых приобретений и потерь генов (M. Liu с соавт., 2021). Различия в метаболомных профилях алкалоидов C. purpurea коррелировали с различиями в гене lpsA : разнообразие алкалоидов спорыньи обусловлено вариабельностью последовательностей в тандемно дублированной области easH / lpsA (C. Hicks с соавт., 2021). Гены lpsA1 и lpsA2 были результатом события рекомбинации (S. Wyka с соавт., 2022). Предполагается, что гены lpsA подвергаются рекомбинационному перетасовыванию (C. Hicks с соавт., 2021). Для C. purpurea показаны высокие скорости рекомбинации (ρ = 0,044), относительно большой акцессорный геном (38 %) и транспозон-опосредованная дупликация генов (S. Wyka с соавт., 2022). Разработана трансгенная линия дрожжей, синтезирующая энантиочистую D-лизергиновую кислоту до титра 1,7 мг/л (G. Wong с соавт., 2022). Генно-инженерные культуры Metarhizium brunneum дают относительный процент выхода D-лизергиновой кислоты 86,9 % и дигидролизиргиновой кислоты 72,8 % (K. Davis с соавт., 2020). Экспрессия генов trpE , а также dmaW количественно связана с интенсивностью синтеза алкалоидов у сапрофитных культур спорыньи (M. Králová с соавт., 2021). Пектин служит основной мишенью CAZymes белков, ответственных за деградацию клеточной стенки при инфицировании растения C. purpurea и C. paspali (B. Oeser с соавт., 2017; H. Oberti с соавт., 2021). Значительный вклад в вирулентность спорыньи вносят полигалактуроназа, MAP-киназа, фактор регуляции транскрипции CPTF1 (ген Cptf1 ), малая GTP-аза (ген Cdc42 ) (B. Oeser с соавт., 2017; E. Tente с соавт., 2021). Спорынья влияет на гормональные пути растения с участием ауксина, этилена и цитокинина (эффект дифференцирован относительно типа ткани и времени после заражения) (E. Tente, 2020, Tente с соавт., 2021). У пшеницы устойчивость к спорынье связана с мутациями в белках DELLA (E. Tente, 2020; A. Gordon с соавт., 2020), у ржи - с активностью пектинэстеразы и метаболическими процессами модификации клеточной стенки и роста пыльцевых трубок (COBRA-подобный белок и ингибитор пектинэстеразы) (K. Mahmood с соавт., 2020).

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Claviceps purpurea, спорынья, алкалоиды, пути биосинтеза, токсичность, вирулентность, генотип, генные кластеры, claviceps

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142236375

IDR: 142236375   |   DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.5.852rus

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