Development of new technologies of steel refining and alloying with account for local zones forming in the metal

A technology of economical consumption of deoxidants and alloy additives is developed and successfully tested in industrial conditions. The technology is based on using composite materials combined in the way that solution of the additives occurs in a local zone with reduced oxygen content. The additive introduced in liquid metal is blocked by aluminium. Application of composite additives in deoxidation and alloying showed a rather high stability and recovery of the reagents. Average recovery was 81.3 % for titanium, 94.5 % for vanadium and 78.0 % for manganese. The stable high recovery of alloying elements permits to organize introduction of master alloy counting on the lower grade limit of elements in steel. This technology is rather simple to implement and effective in electric steelmaking and foundry shops having electric arc furnaces of low capacity. Economic indicators of using composite materials are improved if aluminium-bearing wastes are used for deoxidation to save the expensive pure aluminium. The technology is successfully tested at the steel works “Red October” (Volgograd, Russia), “Sickle and Hammer” (Moscow, Russia) and “Steel Casting” (Plovdiv, Bulgaria).