Development of approaches for biofortification of microgreens when growing in an urban type phytotron

Currently, the world is facing an acute problem of non-infectious alimentary diseases caused by the use of unbalanced diets with a deficiency of essential micronutrients. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has established the elemental status of the population of Russia, in the structure of which a deficiency of a number of macro- and microelements has been established. Of particular concern are microelementoses caused by an imbalance of iodine, selenium and zinc. More than 40% of the population of Russia has a zinc deficiency, up to 45-50% experience a deficiency of iodine and 65-70% - selenium. These elements help strengthen the immune system, increase the adaptive capacity of the body, normalize metabolic activity, synthesize hormones and epigenetic regulation of gene activity in the genome. The "Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products in the Russian Federation until 2030" indicates that one of the reasons for the insufficient functionality of food products is the almost complete absence of production of food biologically active ingredients and substances in the Russian Federation. The strategy provides for the need to create conditions for the production of a new generation of domestic products with specified quality characteristics. One of the most promising food products, gaining popularity all over the world, is microgreens. Microgreens are considered a "superfood" due to the increased content of a wide range of biologically active substances, including macro- and microelements. The article presents approaches to the biofortification of microgreens when growing in urban phytotrons. The technological approaches to enriching microgreens during vegetation with zinc, selenium and iodine solutions are reflected, allowing to obtain a product that satisfies the daily human need for selenium by 41% and 49% for men and women, respectively, for iodine by 50% and for zinc by 49% (in a 40 g serving). The specified indicators of the content of micro- and macroelements are achieved with complex treatment with an aqueous solution of zinc and selenium salts on the 7th, 10th and 12th days after the start of vegetation and additional treatment with an aqueous solution of potassium iodide on the 12th day.