Development of the institute of the executive in the history of the criminal law of Russia

The article is devoted to the development of the institution of excess of the performer in the history of the criminal law of Russia. Also its consolidation in normative legal acts, reflection in theoretical works of various authors. Particular emphasis is placed on the discussion of the need to introduce the notion of "kurtosis". In addition, the main problems arising in the qualification of crimes committed in complicity are identified.