Development of import substitution concepts in Russia

In numerous scientific and applied studies, import substitution is characterized by many interrelated but, nevertheless, different concepts. The lack of unity in understanding the difference between the model, type, concept, policy, and strategy of import substitution, and the unjustified substitution of terms does not allow us to clearly identify the target settings and the nature of actions taken by its subjects in the direction of achieving the goals and solving the problems of import substitution. The basic concept in the system of concepts characterizing import substitution is its concept, which sets the fundamental idea and determines the system of views on import substitution, the method of implementation, the composition, and the vector of development of its constituent processes. Based on a certain concept, a corresponding model, policy, and strategy of import substitution are developed. These concepts form a hierarchy of consistently implemented stages of import substitution - from the development of its concept to the formation of strategic directions of development. The concepts underlying import substitution change in accordance with the priorities and target settings of the country’s development and therefore require constant diagnostics and updating. The article provides a comparative description of the processes that serve as prerequisites for the formation and development of the import substitution concept and testify to its effectiveness and also analyzes the features and problems of implementing the import substitution concept in Russia, which made it possible to propose a concept of anti-sanction import substitution that is relevant for modern Russia.