Development of neurosurgery for hemorrhagic stroke at the present stage (review)

Objective: analysis of trends in the development of neurosurgery for hemorrhagic stroke (HS) at the present stage. Research was carried out using the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary by searching/analyzing sources published within 3 years, as well as individual publications older than 5 years (range from 2014 to 2022). The analysis of 50 literary sources was carried out. Neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of HS and current approaches to the study of pathological mechanisms, predictors and risk factors are considered. It is established that much attention is paid to the comparative study of the outcomes of classical and minimally invasive methods of pathology treatment. An increase in the proportion of the latter leads to a decrease in the mortality rate in HS. Arterial hypertension is an unambiguous risk factor in the development of pathology. Much research have been devoted to potential predictors of HS outcomes (prealbumin level, hyperuricemia, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio). Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of formation of programmed cell deaths in the postoperative period. The list of molecular-cellular predictors optimal for risk stratification in HS has not been formed. It is necessary to search for therapeutic targets through an in-depth study of the mechanisms of development/remission of pathology at the molecular and cellular level.