Development of synonymy of French linguistic terms (case study of F. de Saussure’s terminological system)

The article deals with the features of synchronic and diachronic analysis of linguistic terminological synonymy in the French language on the inter-system and intra-system levels exemplified by Ferdinand de Saussure’s terminological system. Based on the analysis of modern epistemological sources, the movement forms of scientific knowledge are determined, and they correspond to the certain forms of scientific theories reflection. The key stages of synonymy development are correlated with the evolution stages of linguistic theories and corresponding terminological systems. The method of component analysis of context definitions of terms let reveal a set of integral and distinctive features of the elements in the semantic field “signifié” of F. de Saussure’s linguistic terminological system. On the basis of the tectological theory by A.A. Bogdanov and its interpretation for language systems by I.V. Kharitonova, the author studies the mechanisms causing the movement of a terminological systems and the change in the synonymous relations of its elements. The place and particular features of terminological synonymy are also determined - it can be considered as an operator taking a terminological system from one state to another: from terminology to an organized terminological system, and, conversely, to the disintegration (disjunction) of existing systems. The results of this research highlight the importance of the comprehensive linguistic and epistemological approach to the synchronic and diachronic study of terminological systems in French linguistics.