The development of vocalism of Finno-Ugric а- and "a-stems in the Permian languages

The development of first syllable vowels of the Pre-Permian a/ä-stems in modern Permian languages is investigated. Consideration of complete selection of relevant examples from the Uralic etymological dictionary allowes to establish the basic lines of evolution, to mark out deviations from them, and in most cases to define possible reasons of these deviations.