Development of livestock breeding in Russia under modern economic conditions: organizational, economic, technological and social aspects

The article analyzes the current state of animal husbandry in Russia and the production of livestock products. The study determined the main trends and factors in the development of the industry in the modern economic conditions. A retrospective analysis of the technological development of the industry was carried out and the conditions for technical and technological modernization and the introduction of modern resource-saving technologies were determined. An assessment of the dynamics of livestock and livestock production is given. It has been established that the most dramatic reduction in livestock was recorded in agricultural organizations, where in 1990-2021 the number of cattle decreased by 5.9 times to 8.0 million animals, sheep and goats by 13.2 times to 3.1 million animals, pigs by 23.1% and poultry of all kinds by 2.3%. The increase in the productivity of dairy and meat cattle allowed to mitigate the negative dynamics in the industry, but in general did not fully compensate the reduction in livestock. The use of modern design solutions, innovative production technologies and genetic resources from leading transnational breeding corporations has allowed the industry to reach a qualitatively new production level of development, actually putting into practice technological progress in domestic animal husbandry. It is shown that the urgent task today is not only to ensure the sustainable development of the industry through the intensification of production and the growth of productivity and labor productivity, but also to increase the volume of livestock production as a result of an increase in the number of bred livestock, the creation of new small-scale production, the development of farming and cooperation in the village. The intensification of work in this direction is a priority task for federal and regional authorities as part of the implementation of the program for the sustainable development of the rural areas.