Reaction of spring wheat varieties for foliar feeding under conditions of Western Siberia

The results of variability of yield and grain quality in varieties of spring bread and durum wheat with foliar feeding and macro- and micro fertilizers during the heading phase when sowing using black fallow and a non-fallow predecessor (1st wheat after fallow) are presented in the article. The purpose of the research is to establish the characteristics of the reaction of spring bread and durum wheat varieties on yield and grain quality when foliar feeding with macro- and micro-fertilizers when sowing on black fallow and non-fallow predecessor. The studies were carried out under conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in the dry years of 2022 and 2023. The objects of the research are varieties of spring bread wheat, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in the Western Siberian (10) region: middle-early variety Niva 55, mid-ripening variety Silantiy, middle-late varieties Element 22 and EF 22. Varieties of spring durum wheat - Omskiy Izumrud (realised) and Rusticano (Societa Produttori Sementi Spa, Switzerland). The specificity of varieties in terms of responsiveness to foliar feeding was revealed, which manifested itself in different levels of increased yield. On average, for two years, the highest increase on black fallow and a non-fallow predecessor in relation to control (without fertiliz-er), was obtained from the use of a complex fertilizer N30+CU+ZN. In terms of yield, the in-crease was 32%, the protein content increased by 1.3%. Durum wheat varieties had an in-crease in yield from top feeding on average by all fertilizers and predecessors over the years of research almost equal, Rusticano - 1.2 t/ha, Omskiy Izumrud - 1.18 t/ha. In varieties of spring bread wheat, the yield increase of more than one ton, in comparison with the option without fertilizers, was observed for varieties of Niva 55 (+1.07 t/ha) and Element 22 (+1.01t/ha). On average, on all variants of foliar feeding and predecessors over the years of research, in comparison with the control option without fertilizers, the greatest increase in grain protein in the grain among tested varieties was detected for Silantiy (+1.37%).