Reactive changes of the visceral mesothelium in the experimental peritonitis

The mortality from peritonitis is still high, so the question of the pathogenesis of this disease remains relevant. Of considerable interest are reactive and compensatory-adaptive changes in liver tissues during the development of peritonitis, since both the general state of the body and the during of the postoperative period depend on the state of the liver. The purpose of the study was reactive and compensatory-adaptive changes in mesothelial cells of the serous membrane of the liver in conditions of acute experimental peritonitis in laboratory mice. White mice were used in the amount of 35 individuals of both sexes at the age of 3 months weighing 25-30 grams. Animals under ether anesthesia were made laparotomy and the abdominal cavity was contaminated with a mixture containing autopunctate of the terminal part of the small intestine and blood at the rate of 10 ml per 1 kg of body weight. Peritonitis was reproduced by creating a focus of necrotic damage in the ventral wall of the abdominal cavity. The control group of animals was injected with saline. The study material was the liver. Morphometric and electronic microscopy research methods, the method of film preparations of mesothelium with subsequent impregnation with silver were used. As a result of the study, it was found that experimental peritonitis is accompanied by the development of structural changes in liver tissues, expressed differently at different periods of inflammation. The noted changes are systemic and involve hepatocytes, hepatic beams and cholangiocytes of the interlobular excretory bile ducts, mesothelial cells of the serous sheath, cells of the connective tissue of the interlobular layers and portal tracts, as well as cellular elements of the hepatic sinusoids and the perisinusoidal space. With the development of peritonitis, the exudation of the mesothelium of the hepatic capsule increases and becomes maximum on the 7th day of the experiment, mesothelial cells undergo dystrophic changes. With the attenuation of peritonitis at 2-4 weeks of the experiment, the dystrophic processes of the mesothelium of the hepatic capsule weaken and the state of its cells normalizes. Thus, the conducted electronic microscopic and morphometric studies prove that experimental peritonitis is accompanied by the development of regular reactive changes in liver tissues, expressed differently at different periods of inflammation.