Редактирование генома сельскохозяйственной птицы: современное состояние и перспективы использования в птицеводстве (обзор)
Автор: Волкова Н.А., Ветох А.Н., Зиновьева Н.А.
Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology
Рубрика: Обзоры, проблемы
Статья в выпуске: 6 т.56, 2021 года.
Бесплатный доступ
В настоящее время достигнут значительный прогресс в области генетической модификации сельскохозяйственной птицы. Разработаны методы и методические подходы по введению рекомбинантных генов в клетки птиц. Их эффективность варьирует в зависимости от объекта исследований, клеток-мишеней, выбранных для введения рекомбинантной ДНК, и способа их трансформации. В качестве клеток-мишеней для внесения направленных модификаций рассматриваются клетки бластодермы, примордиальные зародышевые клетки, сперматогонии, спермии, клетки яйцевода. Генетическую трансформацию клеток-мишеней можно осуществить посредством ретровирусных, лентивирусных и аденовирусных векторов, электропорации, липофекции. Выделяют три основные стратегии создания генетически модифицированной птицы: введение генетических конструкций непосредственно в эмбрион (J. Love с соавт., 1994; Z. Zhang с соавт., 2012) или в отдельные органы и ткани взрослых особей (Д.В. Белоглазов с соавт., 2015; S. Min с соавт., 2011); трансфекция клеток-мишеней в культуре in vitro и их последующая трансплантация в эмбрион или органы-мишени (M.-C. van de Lavoir с соавт., 2006; B. Benesova с соавт., 2014); трансформация спермиев in vitro и осеменение самок трансформированной спермой (E. Harel-Markowitz с соавт., 2009). Эти подходы применялись при разработке методов редактирования генома клеток птиц. Изучена возможность модификации клеток птиц посредством различных систем редактирования, в частности ZFN (zinc finger nuclease), TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) и CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats). К перспективным направлениям использования этой технологии в птицеводстве относятся изучение функций генов (N. Véron с соавт., 2015), получение рекомбинантных протеинов в составе яичного белка (I. Oishi с соавт., 2018), улучшение хозяйственно ценных и продуктивных качеств (J. Ahn с соавт., 2017), повышение устойчивости к инфекционным заболеваниям (A. Koslová с соавт., 2020; R. Hellmich с соавт., 2020). С помощью технологии редактирования генома получены куры с нокаутом генов тяжелой цепи иммуноглобулина (B. Schusser с соавт., 2013; L. Dimitrov с соавт., 2016), овомуцина (I. Oishi с соавт., 2016), миостатина (G.-D. Kim с соавт., 2020), а также с интегрированным геном бета-интерферона человека (I. Oishi с соавт., 2018). Выведены перепела с нокаутом генов миостатина (J. Lee с соавт., 2020) и меланофилина (J. Lee с соавт., 2019). В ряде исследований показана простота, безопасность и доступность системы редактирования CRISPR/Cas9 для модификации генома сельскохозяйственной птицы, что позволяет рассматривать эту систему как эффективный инструмент для создания и коммерческого использования пород и линий птиц с улучшенными качествами в рамках реализации крупномасштабных селекционных программ по повышению качества птицеводческой продукции. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены основные методы и методические подходы по генетической модификации сельскохозяйственной птицы, в том числе с привлечением различных систем редактирования генома, а также основные направления и перспективы применения этой технологии в птицеводстве.
Куры, перепела, трансгенез, геномное редактирование, crispr/cas9, примордиальные зародышевые клетки, половые клетки
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142231898
IDR: 142231898 | DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2021.6.1015rus
Список литературы Редактирование генома сельскохозяйственной птицы: современное состояние и перспективы использования в птицеводстве (обзор)
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