Rare and less species of the genus Fritillaria in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Pre-Ural

The results of an introduction study aimed at studying rare plant species of two representatives of the genus Fritillaria L. ( F. michailovskyi , F. meleagris ) in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute UFRC RAS are presented. According to the rhythm of seasonal development, the studied species belong to the group of early spring fast-flowering ephemeroids, characterized by early flowering, a short period of above-ground vegetation and a summer dormant period. It has been established that a low level of individual variability is characteristic of F. michailovskyi in terms of the number of generative shoots, the length and width of the boll, the length of the seeds and their weight, and the period of seed maturation; for F. meleagris , according to the diameter of the flower. The surface ultrastructure, color, shape and size of F. michailovskyi seeds were studied. Seeds are flattened, cone-shaped, with a bordered wing, of medium size; seed coat - naked; sculpture of the surface of seeds based on microscopic study of the ultrastructure - cellular with gloss. The embryo is small, linear in shape. The position of the embryo in the seed is basal. According to the results of assessing the success of the introduction, F. michailovskyi scored six points - it regularly and massively blooms, bears fruit, gives a single self-sowing or propagates vegetatively. This species is highly resistant to local climatic conditions. F. meleagris was rated 5 points, it is also resistant, but does not set fruit in the conditions of the Southern Ural. It was established that F. michailovskyi and F. meleagris successfully passed introduction tests in the conditions of the Southern Ural. Due to their high decorativeness and unpretentiousness, they are recommended for wide use in phytodesign to create a genetic bank of rare species in connection with the prospects for their practical use and protection issues.