Regulation of firearms civil circulation in Russia in historical and legal retrospective

Encroachments on the established procedure for the circulation of civilian firearms, causing the commission of high-profile crimes of increased public danger, lead to the tightening of legislation in the field of circulation of civilian weapons in Russia. Further restrictive measures in the field of civilian circulation of firearms, the dominance of the punitive mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the circulation of weapons lead to a massive reduction in gun owners and a significant decline in the market. In this regard, the lack of a real regulator for the implementation of the constitutionally fixed balance of interests in this area causes instability in the development of the industry, infringement of the legitimate interests of owners and users of civilian firearms. The historical and legal analysis of the development of legal relations regulating the civil circulation of firearms in the Russian state since the end of the 13th century convincingly proves the existence of a relationship between the political system of the state, social positions, public mood and the legal basis for state regulation and supervision in this area. The author identifies the main patterns of development of the mechanism of legal regulation in the field of arms trafficking in the Russian Federation in various historical periods, establishes distinctive features depending on external and internal threats to the state, taking into account the legal personality of the participants in legal relations.