Рекреационное воздействие на лесные биогеоценозы государственного природного заповедника "Столбы"

The problem of recreational use of the woods consists in the need of allocation of forest territories for recreation and development of actions for preservation and increase of woods stability. The research objective was to give ecological and bio-logical assessment of recreational impact on local biogeocenoses of national natural park "Stolby". The researches of impact of recreation on forest BGTs were conducted on 4 trial squares of a tourist and recreational zone. The trial areas included tracks and adjacent sites at the left and to the right of the track. When carrying out field and laboratory researches the standard methods were used. On trial squares morphotaxation assessment of forest stand was used by measuring and enumerative method. Peat littering horizon was selected in five-fold frequency by means of square frame with the side of 20 cm and an interval of 10 m. Fractional and structural structure of organogenic laying hori-zon was defined in the laboratory by division by a column site 10, 5, 2 mm. Soil samples were select-ed on each trial square in fivefold frequency at the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm. Structural anal-ysis of the soil (dry and wet sifting) was carried out by Savvinov's method, in fivefold frequency. Biolog-ical activity of soils was estimated on cellulose-decomposing ability determined in laboratory by the standard technique with the duration of decomposi-tion of a cloth in Petri's cups at the temperature of 28 ° C and humidity of 60 % of PV for 4 weeks. The soil samples for determination of volume weight were selected on all trial squares in fivefold fre-quency. Actual properties: the maintenance of hu-mus, soil absorbing complex, hydrolytic acidity, wa-ter and salt Ph were defined by automated system of spectroscopy. It was established that under the influence of recreational loadings specific structure of grass layer was transformed. From grass and shrub layer gradually disappear forest and ruderal types, less exacting to growth condition become prevailing. The use of forest biogeocenosis under recreation leads to transformation grass and shrub layer, consolidation of the soil, destruction of macrounits, porosity reduction, decrease in water penetration, destruction of organogenic and accu-mulative horizons and in general is reflected in the condition of forest stand.