Plant nutrition regimes in agrochernozems, depending on the basic soil treatment

The application of resource-saving technologies and minimization of soil treatments cause ambiguous judgments. Surface soil treatment on the one hand leads to the accumulation of plant residues and the decrease in the intensity of mineralization of organic matter, and on the other hand contributes to the differentiation of the humus horizon, by various indicators fertility, including the content of plant nutrition. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of minimization of basic soil treatments on the plants nutrition regime in the agrochernozems of the Krasnoyarsk forest steppe. In the conditions of field experiment the dynamics of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium exchange in agrochernozems has been studied while minimizing treatment without the use of fertilizers. The experiment scheme includes three types of basic soil treatment: plowing, minimal disk treatment and sowing without basic soil processing in wheat and maize agrocenosis. Mixed soil samples have been selected in three times the replication of the layer 0-20 and 20-40 cm three times for vegetation on all variants of the experiment, in the selected samples the content of plant nutrition elements is determined. It is shown that the greatest stability in space and time has the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium exchange. The magnitude of their variation (Cv) in the layer 0-20 and 20-40 cm does not exceed 39.9 % and is due to the method of basic processing. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content is highly heterogeneous and varied (Cv 1.8 to 83 %). At the same time, the dynamics of nitrate nitrogen is more determined by the weather conditions than by the culture and way of processing the soil. Over the years of the research, it has been noted that when the main processing of agrochernozems is minimized, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen increases. In the plow-scented layer of soil 20-40 cm there is a decrease in the content of potassium exchange, therefore, surface soil processing increases the differentiation of potassium exchange by layers 0-20 and 20-40 cm.