The effectiveness of the selection of soft winter wheat to increase yields on the example of the variety exchange in the Orel region

In the Orel region, the sown area under soft winter wheat annually covers more than 450 thousand hectares with an average yield of 48 centers per hectare. For it, one should carry out a timely variety change of this crop. The creation of new varieties and their introduction into production is the main task of modern production. First, this is due to a steady increase in crop yields, as well as their profitability. The purpose of this study was to study the yield of new varieties of soft winter wheat, which are recommended for the cultivation in the Orel region, in competitive variety trial and make up the history of the variety change of this agricultural crop. The competitive variety trial was carried out in the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Gossortkomissiya" in the Orel region at the Maloarkhangelsk state variety plot in 2020-2021. The objects of the study were 9 new varieties: Batya, Volodya, Zarechnaya, EN Mars, Amga, Sirena, Fedor, EN Foton, Shkola. All new varieties that passed the competitive variety trial exceeded the standard variety Scepter in terms of yield. The crop yield over the years of variety trial varied from 6.0 t/ha (Skipetr) to 9.3 t/ha (Fedor). The coefficient of variation in the yield of new soft winter wheat varieties ranged from 1% to 13%. 3 varieties of winter wheat are classified as strong in the direction of use, and 4 varieties are valuable ones. Valuable wheat varieties include: Volodya, EN Mars. Siren and EN Photon. These varieties belong to the third class and have good baking capacity. Thus, the variety of soft winter wheat varieties recommended for cultivation in the Orel region of the Central Black Earth (5) region provides an opportunity to choose adapted varieties for different forms of farming, which are located in different natural and climatic zones of the region.