The results and perspectives of introduction of sunflower hybrids of foreign breeding in the Russian Federation

A work was done at the Federal state budgetary scientific institution “All Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.”. The purpose of a research was to analyze sunflower yields dynamics for 1981-2014 in main regions of the Russian Federation at the time when hybrids of foreign breeding are widely introduced. There were used the data of the Department of statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation A structure of sunflower varieties sowings was determined on base of agricultural reports of the Departments of agriculture of the separate regions of the country. At the work there were used an analytical method and a comparative method. The results of the research showed that a yearly average yield of sunflower within 2001-2014 (a time of wide introduction of the foreign hybrids) increased inconsiderable in comparison with a period of 1981-1990 (before introduction) in the main regions of the country. At farms of the Krasnodar region this increase was 0.03 t/ha, of the Stavropol region - 0.07 t/ha. And opposite, at the farms of the Rostov and Volgograd regions, a decrease of the yearly average indexes on 0.23 and 0.03 t/ha, respectively. The increase of yields in the Saratov and Voronezh regions on 0.20 and 0.33 t/ha, respectively, can be explained by too low startup values of this indicator in 1981-1990. A wide introduction of the foreign sunflower hybrids, which have a low adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of the Russian Federation and are able to realized their potential only under anthropogenic intensification, does not lead to yield increases of this crop in main regions of Russia. Within a program on import phase-out, cultivation of domestic hybrids and varieties of sunflower will promote the development of food supply security of Russia.