Risks and Opportunities of Introducing a Basic Income in Russia into the Russian Pension System

The article examines the risks and opportunities of introducing a universal basic income into the Russian pension system. The aim of the presented study is to identify them and justify measures to reduce risks and realize opportunities. The object of the study is the state pension system of the Russian Federation, which includes compulsory pension insurance and state social security. The subject of the study is the risks and opportunities of developing the pension system with the introduction of basic pension income. The research hypothesis is that the risks of introducing a basic pension income as a separate element of the state pension system can be minimized, and the opportunities can be used to improve the standard of living of pensioners. The authors used domestic and foreign scientific publications, legislation in the field of pension provision, analytical reports of Russian and international organizations on the study of the standard of living of the population, social protection and justice for their research. The research methods included: analysis of regulatory legal acts in the field of pension legislation and scientific literature on the problem under study; systematization of risks and opportunities, their assessment and application of appropriate matrices; computational and analytical method; the method of logical substantiation of the outlined approaches, as well as their scientific synthesis. The results of the study are the characteristics of the main elements of a promising pension system – basic pension income, insurance and supplementary pension. A matrix of risks of introducing basic pension income into the pension system has been constructed, and a risk management system has been described. The risks of high, medium and low probability during the transition to a new state pension system and the possibility of improving the standard of living of pensioners are specified. The directions of further research are outlined, which consist in supplementing the logical method of identifying risks and opportunities for introducing basic pension income into the Russian pension system by obtaining appropriate risk-oriented expert assessments, as well as processing the results of a mass survey of respondents from among employees and pensioners who are not experts; to develop a roadmap for the transition from the current mechanism for paying insurance and social pensions to a new one based on risk management and the possibility of introducing basic pension income tools into the pension system.