The Role of Empathic Mirroring Deficit in the Formation of Narcissistic Self-Concept: Psychoanalytic Approaches

The article presents a theoretical analysis and integration of psychoanalytic ideas of H. Kohut, A. Miller, and O. Kernberg about the role of empathic mirroring deficit and acceptance in the formation of narcissistic self-concept. Th e author considers the key provisions of H. Kohut's theory of mirroring defi cit, A. Miller's concept of “narcissistic mother”, and O. Kernberg's model of narcissism pathogenesis. Common patt erns of narcissistic self-concept development, characteristic of these approaches are highlighted. The consequences of defi cient early relationships for self-perception and self-esteem regulation of a narcissistic personality are analyzed. The article shows the relevance and heuristic value of psychoanalytic concepts for modern personality psychology and psychotherapy in light of the latest empirical research. Prospects for integrating psychoanalytic models with modern methods of research and therapy of narcissism are outlined.