Importance of growth-stimulating factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchial mucosa remodeling at respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Aim of the research is to reveal early informative biomarkers, predictors of bronchial mucosa remodeling and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants according to the literature review. We analyzed 26 Russian and foreign works dedicated to studies of the respiratory system remodeling in premature infants having suffered the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. We focused on the growth-stimulating and anti-inflammatory factors that are detected in blood and bronchial lavage and involved directly in activation of epithelial-mesenchymal relationships of the bronchial tree mucosa. The majority of works show that it is possible to use certain growth-stimulating factors as predictors of the early development of the connective tissue (pulmonary fibrosis) in children with extremely low and very low birth weight.