The role of the genome in suicidal behavior (literature review)

The literature review is devoted to the analysis of the relationship of suicidal behavior with both gene loci and established gene polymorphisms. The relationship with suicides of both individual genes and their groups is considered. Information about single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes regulating the concentration of cortisol (genes FKBP5, SLC6A3, CRHR1, CRHR2, SKA2) is especially valuable, since it is this group of genes that regulates the stress response and is involved in the formation of the depressive state along with serotoninergic (genes 5-HTTLPR, HTR2A) and adrenergic (genes ADRA2A, ADRA2B) systems, the pathology of which is usually associated with various forms of depression and suicide. It is particularly interesting that different polymorphisms of genes (CRHR1, CRHR2, SKA2) that regulate the concentration of cortisol are characteristic of age and sex groups and therefore determine the differences in frequency, age and reasons for committing suicide. In addition, the role of polymorphisms in the implementation of suicide of the gene for proteins of the YWHAE family, the gene for the neurotrophic factor NTRK2, and the reward system is considered. The questions of the formation of possible ways to search for means of preventing the development of the suicidal phenotype are discussed. The authors proposed to distinguish the suicidal phenotype into an independent group of conditions, considered as a multifactorial disease, the final result of which is committing suicide or its attempt, requiring codification and requiring the development of a classification of variants of etiology and pathogenesis.