The role of cone-beam computed tomography in the assessment of bone morphology and density for preoperative planning of dental implantation

This article is devoted to the study of the significance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of morphological and densitometric characteristics of the maxillary alveolar ridge for the purpose of preoperative planning of dental implantation. The study included 60 patients aged 45 to 65 years. The objective was to identify specific features of bone morphology and mineral bone density (MBD) in various anatomical regions using CBCT and a biotypological classification of bone tissue. It was found that MBD values vary depending on the area examined: in the region of the second molar, the average value was 0.65 ± 0.08 g/cm², whereas in the region of the first premolar it was 0.72 ± 0.07 g/cm². The obtained data indicate a tendency toward reduced bone density in the distal sections of the alveolar ridge, which may be associated with age-related changes, reduced functional load, and micronutrient deficiency. In contrast, the area of the first premolar demonstrates more stable density parameters, making it a more favorable zone for dental implantation in older patients.