The role of morphological changes in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and thyrotropocytes of the adenophypophysus in the formation of thyropathies

Abstarct. Thyropathies include an extensive group of thyroid diseases that may be associated with chronic endogenous intoxication syndrome in various somatic diseases. The systemic influence of endogenous toxins includes the important role in the regulation of the endocrine system, where the main place is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and thyrotropocytes of the adenohypophysis. In this regard, the present study was identified in connection with changes in the paraventricular nucleus and thyrotropocytes of the adenohypophysis. The study was performed on white male rats weighing 120-200 g with modeling chronic endogenous intoxication and assessing the period after the onset of toxic effects. The duration of the experiment was the 67, 90, 120 and 150 days using histological technique for the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It was found that morphological changes were characterized by the manifestation of nonspecific adaptive-compensatory processes of the paraventricular nucleus and thyrotropocytes, which manifested themselves in the form of a decrease in the biological activity of cells and its relative recovery by the end of the experiment, which morphologically manifested itself in the form of an increase in the neurosecretion of cells of the paraventricular nucleus, an increase in the percentage of polynucleolar cells, as well as the development of dystrophic changes in thyrotropocytes with the appearance of "thyroidectomy" cells. Relative compensation of these pathological changes occurred on the 150th day of the experiment with the restoration of the synthetic function of the cells, which manifested itself in the form of normalization of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and uniform distribution of the tigoroid substance. Given the fact that the thyroid gland is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, these pathological changes can play a key role in the development of thyropathies in chronic endogenous intoxication syndrome.