Роль производительных установок в социально-экономическом развитии страны в представлении китайских студентов

Today, leadership in the world has become an essential source of economic and social power in most countries of the world, as the existence of projects that benefit materially the individual and society in those countries must be based on intellectual rules based on innovation, not imitation, hence leadership in general and entrepreneurship in particular. An important station in the way of shifting from imitation to innovation and even qualitative rather than quantitative expansion in reproductive politics. The pursuit of states and the desire of institutions to possess the elements of sustainable development based on stability, economic security, growth and prosperity confirms the great role of reproductive politics in all areas and activities of development and shows the necessity of starting scientific practices of reproductive politics and their communication according to a strategic direction within an institutional framework at the local and global levels, and based on the state must focus on reproductive politics in order to nurture.

Leadership also contributes to the empowerment of societies in all fields, especially institutions and individuals, as the development in the world has not come in vain. Rather, it resulted from the accumulation of reproductive politics that provided the world with a lot, especially in the economic and social fields. Indeed, some countries presented models of leadership in general and reproductive politics in particular that contributed to the advancement of those countries and made them an investment destination for many companies and institutions [1].

There is no doubt that leadership and pioneering projects provide everything that society needs in all its sectors, especially in the economic and social fields, so this leads to distinction in those projects, according to an intellectual value system based on development and innovation, by transforming reproductive politics into tangible reality, so that they contribute to achieving economic and social media balance at the level of society and achieving individual interests [2; 3]. From here, it is the sensibility of the state to contribute to developing the culture of reproductive politics because of its importance in economic and social development. From an economic point of view, it leads to job creation, stimulating markets, and improving productivity.

One of the objectives of economic development is the development of human resources by raising their productivity and acquiring knowledge, skills and experience, and developing and supporting young people’s creative and reproductive politics capabilities. Since universities are incubators for young people, they must spread the culture of reproductive politics.

One of the most important reasons that necessitate this is standing on this topic because of its great importance in our current society, in institutional loyalty and solving problems by scientific methods. It is also an urgent need for decision-makers in operational positions when there appears to be a difference between the actual performance and the desired performance among employees, and this difference highlights the need for creativity and putting forward new ideas to converge with errors and work on the development and improvement of higher education institutions.

The reality of reproductive politics from the point of view of university students, and its role in achieving economic and social media balance, and the existence of some obstacles that lead to the lack of economic and social media balance, constitute a state of frustration for them. Most of the previous studies in the field of reproductive politics in social media did not give this issue its proper research, which necessitated conducting this study, which came to answer the following questions: 1) What is the degree of awareness of university youth about the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance? 2) What is the degree of awareness of university youth about the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance?

This study came to achieve the following objectives: 1) recognizing the degree of university youth awareness of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance; 2) recognizing university youth’s degree of awareness about reproductive politics’ role in achieving social media balance.

This study is of great importance for the following considerations: 1) Its focus is on examining the role of reproductive politics in achieving social and economic balance from the perspective of university students; 2) it can be a starting point for other research, with its theoretical literature and previous studies, and a tool for collecting information whose validity and reliability will be confirmed; 3) The results of this study can contribute to enhancing the role of universities in spreading the culture of reproductive politics among university students through their study plans and programs; 4) The importance of transforming society into a pioneering, innovative and developed society. Interest in reproductive politics and pioneering education works to modify patterns of behavior and traditional thinking in line with the development aspirations of society; 5) emphasizes the importance of reproductive politics among university students and preparing them to be economically self-reliant.

Reproductive politics generally means innovation or someone who manages something new in their field or invents something new that is unconventional that finds demand and popularity. At that time, the concept included the meaning of risk and enduring difficulties. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the concept of reproductive politics entered the economic field, and in the nineteenth century, a distinction was made between the entrepreneur and the owner of capital as the inventors, although they did not have money to finance their inventions, they got it from other sources, so they are entrepreneurs and not owners of money, but they cannot separate the entrepreneur from the administrator, as one of the tasks of the entrepreneur is project management [4; 5].

The concept of leadership consists of several dimensions, the most important of which are [6; 7]: 1) Creativity and innovation: Creativity is considered the first step for ideas that respond to opportunities in organizations and universities and contribute to their success.

Initiation and proactivity: characteristics that express efforts to seize new opportunities by identifying future needs, anticipating changes, anticipating problems that may suddenly appear, and transforming them into new opportunities that competitors have never seen before; 2) Calculated risk: It is the desire to seize opportunities despite the uncertainty, and it is done in effective and volatile ways of the risks associated with projects of all kinds and areas of application of their activities and investment in undiscovered technology; 3) Differentiation and competitiveness: It means the institution’s ability to develop competitive behavior and challenge competing institutions through differentiation and uniqueness in competitive advantages.

Literature review

In view of the vital importance associated with leadership, the scope of the use of the concept of leadership has recently expanded by institutions, and many directions interpret it as a vital element that should be directed to introduce the dimensions associated with it [8; 9]. During its development, reproductive politics was influenced by different schools of thought. The concept of reproductive politics expanded, and since the beginning of the twenty-first century, interest in the issue of creativity has emerged within the concept of reproductive politics. Definitions of reproductive politics have recently focused on the process of establishing new projects [10; 11]. The interest in reproductive politics identified three international trends. The first trend is the global competition between countries and companies in increasing the influence of most forms of trade, while the second trend is that reproductive politics in itself is a catalyst for innovation that drives and sustains economic growth regardless of the political system. And the last trend is that cultural values, behaviors, and political expectations are affected by the world’s trend towards economies that are more dependent on self-employment [12; 13]. The main factor for the development of any country is not money or technology but people with pioneering and innovative ideas. The most important engine of economic growth is the availability of entrepreneurs and owners of distinguished innovative ideas, and the most important thing that can be done is to take the hand of an undeveloped society [14; 15].

The importance of reproductive politics is because it is a means to correct the path of small and medium enterprises, as the majority of these enterprises are not able to withstand and compete if no expert management takes advantage of opportunities, avoids threats, and searches for opportunities to expand and spread in innovative and new ways and non-traditional products to achieve profit, enabling these projects to confront expenditures and keep pace with expansion, spread and competitiveness [16; 17]. Likewise, reproductive politics represents the activity that establishes and manages a new organization to invest in an innovative and unique opportunity called external leadership. Reproductive politics is also within the existing organization and then represents a new adventure by finding new business or strategic renewal in it, and this is what is called internal leadership. Or the leadership of the company and internal leadership within companies has become vital means for existing organizations to continue to discover and invest in opportunities in order to move companies and individuals to a new state of survival [18; 19].

The personality of a successful entrepreneur, whether external or internal, depends on four aspects: his love for his work, focus and attention to the commodity and consumer need to reach the highest levels of perfection. stubbornness and toughness despite failure, and finally, the entrepreneur seeks the smart implementation. This requires creating an innovative and feasible business plan that includes building a work team that believes in the idea, searching for ways to collect funds, establishing various partnerships, being able to manage its money, and leading and motivating its team. These things together form the personality of a successful entrepreneur. In addition to that, there are reasons that make people go for leadership, and they include, first, their unwillingness to be employed because they prefer to be responsible for themselves. Secondly, they seek to implement their new ideas, and thirdly, they seek to obtain financial rewards from realizing their ideas and making them legitimate. It benefits and benefits others [22; 23].

The entrepreneur possesses the main personality in economic development. Entrepreneur performs higher achievements than others in various professions. The state needs entrepreneurs to formulate great economic achievements. The presence of entrepreneurs in a society leads to economic achievement, and there is a link between the need for achievement and business development. The entrepreneur creates a job opportunity for himself and for others, which contributes to alleviating the phenomenon of unemployment, training and qualifying his workers, as well as contributing to providing needed products in his society, and the educated entrepreneur can introduce new technology, develop alternatives, and be an example of achievement, and his own work gives him a sense of pleasure and more satisfaction than working in the public or private sector as an employee [24–26].

From the foregoing, we conclude that reproductive politics is an economic and social phenomenon that occurs at the individual level, and at the institutional, organizational and societal levels. The entrepreneur is the heart of this phenomenon that develops in the economic and social environment in order to create and develop new economic and social wealth. The environment incubating leadership in China has been greatly enhanced through several decisive measures and decisions taken at the level of the federal government, represented in allowing full ownership of companies by foreigners in all activities and providing golden visas for entrepreneurs, in addition to dozens of promising advantages and incentives. Free zones have also contributed in the past two decades in establishing a solid base for reproductive politics in the country. The Ministry of Economy looks forward to its supportive strategies during the coming years, increasing the contribution of this sector to the gross national product and doubling the number of companies [27].

The Ministry of Economy of China is currently focusing on enhancing the country’s business environment to ensure that it meets the needs of the small and medium-sized companies sector as a sector that drives the national economy [28-30]. By presenting the experiences of some universities in those countries, it became clear that there are universities that offer optional and some compulsory development policy programs for students, in addition to encouraging innovative work and organizing exhibitions [31-33]. And the possibility of benefiting from it and being guided by it in presenting the proposed vision.

Methodology

The following is a description of the characteristics of the study sample according to its variables. The results of table 1 showed that the ratio between males and females in the study sample was close, as the percentage of males reached (56%), while the percentage of females reached (44%). As for the variable of the academic level, the third-year students were the highest percentage in the sample. (31%), while fifth-year students were the lowest (3%), and the humanities colleges achieved the highest presence in the study sample at a rate of (62%), while the scientific colleges were (38%).

The questionnaire consisted of 76 items distributed over two areas. The first dimension in this study relates to the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance, and it was measured through 12 items. The second dimension relates to the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance, and it was measured through 10 paragraphs. The questionnaire also used a five-point Likert scale in the questionnaire, ranged between 1–5. Therefore, the modified range of the study tool was as follows (table 2).

Cronbach Alpha equation was applied to all the expressions of the study focus, as shown in table 3.

Table 1

Distribution of the study sample according to its variables

Таблица 1

Распределение опрошенных студентов по категориям

Variable	Number	Category	Number of people	Percentage (%)
Gender	1	Male	204	56
	2	Female	161	44
	Total		365	100
Academic level	1	First	27	7
	2	Second	150	41
	3	Third	113	31
	4	Fourth	55	15
	5	Fifth	20	6
	Total		365	100
College	1	Humanity	226	62
	2	Scientific	139	38
	Total		365	100

Source: research results.

Table 2

The degree of awareness of university youth about the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society

Таблица 2

Степень осознания университетской молодежью роли производительных установок в достижении баланса в экономике и социальных сетях в китайском обществе

Sr.	Standard	Modified range
1	Low score	(1-2,33)
2	Average score	(2,34-3,66)
3	High score	(3,67-5)

Source: research results.

Reliability coefficients using Cronbach’s alpha method for the study fields

Face validity of the study tool. The validity of the tool has been verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators with specialization and experience and asking them to express their opinion on the paragraphs of the questionnaire by deleting, amending and proposing new paragraphs and the appropriateness of the tool for the subject of the study. Accordingly, the tool enjoys the sincerity of the content.

Structural validity of the study tool. To achieve the desired objectives of the scale items and in order to be able to measure their content, the value of the correlation coefficient (Pearson) was extracted, which shows the ability of each Dimension of the scale and its relevance to the overall tool. The axes that have a correlation value are negative (–) or whose correlation coefficient is less than (0,25) is low, and it is preferable to omit it. The validity of the study tool was verified using the validity of the internal construction by calculating the correlation coefficient for each Dimension and the total score of the tool in table 4.

It is concluded from table 4 that the degrees of correlation of the axes of university youth awareness of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic and social media

Table 3

Reliability coefficients using Cronbach's alpha method for the study fields

Таблица 3

Коэффициенты надёжности, полученные методом альфа Кронбаха, для исследуемых аспектов

Field	number of paragraphs	Cronbach stability coefficient alpha
The role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance	12	0,920
The role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance	10	0,935
The tool as a whole	26	0,928

Source: research results.

Table 4

Degrees of correlation of university youth’s awareness of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic and social media balance with the overall score of the scale

Таблица 4

Степень соотношения между осознанием университетской молодежью роли производительных установок в достижении баланса в экономике и социальных сетях и общим балансом

Sr.	Themes of awareness of university youth about reproductive politics and its role in achieving economic and social media balance	Correlation coefficient	Statistical significance
1	The role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance	0,524	< 0,001
2	The role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance	0,639	< 0,001
3	The tool as a whole	0,615	< 0,001

Source: research results.

balance with the total score of the scale had a direct relationship with the total sum of the expressions of the axe to which they belong, and that all the expressions were significant at the level of significance α <= 0,05 which means that the expressions measure what was set to be measured in this Dimension, and this result is an indication of acceptable distinction for all axes of the scale, and therefore all axes are considered constructively valid.

Results

The first question: Relates to the views of students in China about the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance. I strongly agree) and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation were found and arranged from most important to least important. The answer was evaluated (high, medium, and low) according to the modified range presented in table 3 in this study. Table 5 shows the result of the statistical analysis of students’ answers about the second dimension in this study.

The above table shows that the responses of students the China about the paragraphs of the dimension of university youth’s awareness of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance ranged between medium and high (3,33). It can be concluded from the discussion of the results of students’ opinions in China about the impact of reproductive politics in achieving an economic balance that the students confirm that the project achieves sufficient income more than working in official jobs and that one of the requirements for the success of the role of the reproductive politics in achieving economic balance several things, the most important of which are; Providing an incubator for the project in the university through which you can work, facilitating the marketing of the project’s products through social networking sites, providing raw materials if the pilot project requires this, providing electronic devices if the pilot

Table 5

Analyzing students' answers about the extent to which university youth are aware of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance

Таблица 5

Анализ ответов студентов о том, в какой степени университетская молодежь осознает роль производительных установок в достижении баланса в экономике

Sr.	Paragraph	Mean	Standard Deviation	Degree of Agreement	Rank
1	Ease of financial support for family	3,33	1,173	Medium	12
2	Ease of finding for children	3,79	1,219	High	5
3	Ease of access to the target groups for the products of the pilot project at low costs	3,68	0,917	High	9
4	Ease of licensing so that I do not incur high fees and taxes.	3,71	0,891	High	7
5	The reproductive politics generate sufficient income for me	3,61	1,013	Medium	11
6	Providing money for reproductive politics at the university through which I can work	3,70	0,683	High	8
7	Ease of marketing Chinese reproductive politics on social networking sites without costs	3,72	0,937	High	6
8	Competitive advantage for Chinese reproductive politics that competitors in the market cannot reach	3,62	1,094	Medium	10
9	Provide support for reproductive politics	3,95	0,565	High	4
10	Providing electronic devices for study of reproductive politics	4,04	0,662	High	2
11	Providing the appropriate environment towards training or education.	3,99	0,695	High	3
12	Providing material capabilities for reproductive politics of qualified human	4,10	0,816	High	1
General index		3,77	0,665	High

Source: research results.

project is oriented towards digital leadership, in addition to providing the appropriate environment for the project if it is oriented towards training or education.

The second question: Relates to the views of students in China about the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance. I strongly agree) and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation were found and arranged from most important to least important, and the answer was evaluated (high, medium, and low) according to the modified range that was presented in table 3 in this study. Table 6 shows the result of the statistical analysis of students’ answers about the third dimension in this study.

Table 6

Analyzing students' answers about the extent to which university youth are aware of the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance

Таблица 6

Анализ ответов студентов о том, в какой степени университетская молодежь осознает роль производительных установок в достижении баланса в социальных сетях

Sr.	Paragraph	Mean	Standard Deviation	Degree of Agreement	Rank
1	Achieving social welfare through my pilot project	4,11	0,737	High	6
2	The local community accepted reproductive politics	4,08	0,660	High	9
3	Reproductive politics addition to the local community	4,20	0,713	High	1
4	Providing qualified human cadres from the local community	4,13	0,739	High	4
5	My pioneering project provides reproductive politics in the community	4,12	0,889	High	5
6	Applying the idea of reproductive politics outside the social environment in which I live	4,15	0,790	High	3
7	I find that the chance of reproductive politics succeeding in my community is very high	4,09	0,765	High	8
8	Ease of applying the idea of a reproductive politics in a residential area	4,10	0,825	High	7
9	The reproductive politics limits population migration to other regions	4,03	0,861	High	10
10	The reproductive politics contributes to the employment of women in my community	4,17	0,638	High	2
General index		4,12	0,607

Source: research results.

Discussion

The above table shows the answers of students in China about the paragraphs of the axis of university youth’s awareness of the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance. We can conclude from discussing the results of students’ opinions in China about the role of reproductive politics in achieving a social media balance that the students emphasize reproductive politics. For the unemployed members of the community, the pilot project also limits population migration to other regions and contributes to the employment of women in society. This result can be explained by the fact that university youth in China are influenced by the idea of reproductive politics and its impact on the local community through the state’s support for reproductive politics and the impact of these projects on the local community. Samples T-Test and the test result appears in table 7.

Concerning testing the statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average estimates of the study sample towards reproductive politics and its role in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society attributed to the college (scientific, human), this question will be answered by testing the T-test in The condition of two samples (Independent Samples T-Test) and the test result appears in table 8.

Table 7

Means, standard deviations, and (t) values for differences in the responses of the sample members about the axes of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society, which are attributed to the gender variable

Таблица 7

Средние значения, стандартные отклонения и значения (t) для различий в ответах респон- дентов относительно осей роли производительных установок в достижении баланса в экономике и социальных сетях в китайском обществе, которые относятся к гендерной переменной

The field	Male		Female		t-value	Significance level	Result
	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.
The role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance	3,76	0,639	3,78	0,692	-0,365	0,283	No differences
The role of Reproductive politics in achieving social media balance	4,08	0,637	4,17	0,575	-1,370	0,904	No differences

Source: research results.

Table 8

Means, standard deviations, and (t) values for differences in the sample's responses about reproductive politics and its role in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society due to the college variable

Таблица 8

Средние значения, стандартные отклонения и значения (t) для различий в ответах респондентов о производительных установках и их роли в достижении баланса в экономике и социальных сетях в китайском обществе в зависимости от вида колледжа

The field	humanity		Scientific		t-value	Significance level	Result
	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.
The role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance	3,84	0,619	3,69	0,707	2,199	0,001	There are differences
The role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance	4,11	0,594	4,14	0,623	-0,406	0,157	No differences

Source: research results.

The results are indicated in table 8 in the axis of the role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance. There are statistically significant differences between the scientific and humanities colleges on this axis because the level of significance was less than 0,05. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between students in scientific and humanities colleges related to students’ attitudes towards the role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance.

The results in table 9 indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample participants regarding the dimensions of reproductive politics and its role in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society attributed to the variable of the academic year. The significance level was greater than 0,05.

The students in undertaking reproductive politics think about achieve economic and social media balance. Overcome all obstacles that hinder knowledge and practice of reproductive politics. The availability of all financial and material resources to meet the requirements of the present time and future through reproductive politics to achieve economic and social media balance. The development of competent human resources by expanding reproductive incubators. The paper focuses on higher education and clear strategies that respond to the requirements of reproductive politics in achieving economic and social media balance.

Table 9

Univariate analysis of the mean performance of the study sample in the areas of reproductive politics and its role in achieving economic and social media balance in Chinese society due to the variable of the school year

Таблица 9

Однофакторный анализ средних показателей исследуемой выборки в области производительных установок и их роли в достижении баланса в экономике и социальных сетях в китайском обществе в зависимости от года обучения

The field	Source of contrast	Sum of squares	Degrees of freedom	Mean squares	F-value	Level of significance	Result
The role of reproductive politics in achieving economic balance	Between groups	1,052	4	0,263	0,519	0,669	There are no statistically significant differences
	Within groups’	160,127	360	0,445
	Total	161,179	364	-
The role of reproductive politics in achieving social media balance	Between groups	2,877	4	0,719	1,971	0,098	There are no statistically significant differences
	Within groups’	131,382	360	0,365
	Total	134,259	364	-

Source: research results.