Role of opportunistic oral microflora in the development of inflammatory diseases of periodontal and oral mucosa (review)

The paper provides an overview of the scientific literature containing historical information and data on the characteristics of opportunistic oral microflora - yeast fungi of the genus Candida, bacteria of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The paper describes their pathogenesis in the development not only of chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, but also of diseases of the oral mucosa, clinical manifestations, modern methods of microbiological diagnostics. It is shown that the complexity of the diagnosis of these diseases is determined by the pathogenic properties of these pathogens - adhesiveness, colonization and cytotoxicity. The paper presents the features of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation in response to stress adaptive immune defense mechanisms of the oral cavity in this category of persons. The use of modern integrated clinical and laboratory studies allows us to clarify the etiologic and pathogenetic triggers in diagnosis of periodontal disease and oral mucosa, and helps to further the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures.