The role of obsolete vocabulary in the language of fiction and peculiarities of its translation

Obsolete words (archaisms and historicisms) represent a special peripheral layer of the lexical composition of the language. In works of art, such lexemes perform various functions: nominative, pictorial, informative, cognitive. The paper defines the role of archaisms and historicisms in fiction, as well as distinguishes their various types. Using descriptive and comparative methods, the authors clarify the ways of translating obsolete vocabulary by the example of the historical drama of the modern Spanish writer Alfonso Plow “King Sancho”. An analysis of the translation of the work made it possible to identify such methods of transferring obsolete vocabulary into Russian as transliteration, explanation, transformation (lexical, grammatical), omission, addition.