Roman concrete: the material of construction heritage

Statement of the problem. Many cultural heritage buildings of 17th-18th centuries in Russia and abroad require reconstruction not by modern systems such as ventilated facade or “wet facade”, but by authentic materials based on roman concrete. The authenticity lies in its unique structure, which is obtained after the drying of the plaster composition based on roman concrete. This material has a number of advantages: it permits the movement of steam and moisture, allowing the façade to breathe and preventing the growth of fungi and mold; it is lighter than plaster mixes based on Portland cement; and the texture is aesthetically pleasing. Compositions based on roman concrete have demonstrated their applicability in facade reconstruction, since it perfectly retains the old plaster, increasing service life. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the production and use of roman concrete in the 17th and 18th centuries for finishing facades and stucco. Our task is to review and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of roman concrete and the experience of its production and use, and justify the prospects of researching and improving its composition and properties. Results. We define the necessary performance properties of roman concrete for the reconstruction and restoration of facades. Conclusions. Roman concrete is one of the few materials with a composition and structure compatible with architectural monuments that is suitable for restoration.