The Russian-Chinese relations in the first quarter of the 20th century: Mongolian question

The article is devoted to the Russian-Chinese relations in the first quarter of the 20th century concerning the Mongolian question. The period was characterized by serious changes in a geopolitical situation in East Asia. Xinhai revolution had marked the end of the Qing Empire. Independence of Mongolia became actual and possible due to the changes in China. Russia supported separatist sentiments of External Mongolia. The author shows dynamics of the events which occurred after the capture of Urga. It actually provoked the explosion of the anti-Chinese moods which pushed to exile of the Chinese troops from the territory of External Mongolia with the help of such ideological opponents as the red Mongols and the troops of baron Ungern. Returning of External Mongolia to the bosom of China in the first quarter of the 20th century became problematic, and even impossible.