Russian Education: Global and National Challenges to the Formation of Human Potential

This article describes the transformations that the social sphere, including education, is undergoing in the modern economy under the influence of global and national challenges. Education in the modern economy is the most important sphere of human potential formation, ensuring the socioeconomic and technological development of the country. Therefore, the study of the ways of development and the definition of a progressive trend in the development of education in modern society is an important scientific and practical task. There are two main directions in the formation of the social sphere, in particular, education: marketization and socialization. The article considers the process of marketization of Russian education in post-Soviet Russia and its main manifestations, namely commercialization. This is reflected not only in the creation of the commercial education sector and private educational organizations, but also in the shift of the goals of the entire education system towards a market-oriented model. Commercialization and bureaucratization of Russian education, as well as its underfunding, are identified as the main national challenges for the formation of human potential corresponding to the level of development of modern society and economy. The main global challenge is the globalization of education, namely the subordination of national education systems to international institutions whose activities are determined by the goals of the development of global capital and the global economy, and not the development of human potential. As an alternative, the gradual formation of a socially-oriented model of education in our country is proposed. The main components of such a model are egalitarianism, accessibility, social orientation and democracy. Scientific research and real practices of modern economies of some countries show that a sociallyoriented model of education is both socially and economically effective.