Effect of education on the spiritual identity of the Russian people in the works of Russian philosophers 19th century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the educational factor on the spiritual identity of the Russian people in the works of 19th-century Russian philosophers. In connection with the contemporary spiritual crisis of society and the search for ways out of it, this article analyzes the works of thinkers of this era. As a result of the research it was revealed that thinkers attached great importance to the education of Russia, noted its important role in the formation of the spiritual identity of the Russian people. P.Ya. Chaadaev, severely criticized the life of the Russian people at the beginning of the 19th century. He believed that Russia is an example and a lesson for other peoples of unsuccessful development. It was characterized by a lack of progress. I saw a way out of the spiritual crisis of society in the upbringing and education of the Russian people according to the Western pattern. F.M. Dostoevsky, noted that the reason for the failure of the Russian education was the wrong approach in stating the goals of the autocracy in the development of Russian society. He proposed radical ways to change real education. To do this, you need to pay attention to the study: the Russian language, nationalities, the history of Russian and Slavic peoples, customs. One must be truly Russian and not be guided by European values. N.N. Strakhov opposed the imitation of Europe and criticized the West for its rationalism. He characterized the Russian education as enlightenment on European patterns and believed that the role of education to revive the spiritual principles of the Russian people through the ways of moral perfection of the individual. An important role in the educational process was played by the religious Christian factor. They identified Russia as a unique, specific country that does not belong either to the West or to the East. Education, in the opinion of the Russian thinkers represented, should become one of the fundamental principles for the solution of the problem of the spiritual identification of the Russian person, with the aim of preserving the identity.