Self-harming behavior of adolescents: definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and protective factors. The message I

In a series of reviews, the results of national, including original, and foreign studies based on evidence of suicidal behavior are systematized and critically interpreted. This Message I gives clear characteristics of individual forms of suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-harm, their differences, epidemiological indicators in adolescence and in comparison with the adult population. Risk factors and antisuicidal protection, methods of suicidal actions are examined in detail. The role of such indicators as sex, age, race and ethnicity, etc. in the suicidal activity of people of this age category is discussed. When assessing suicidal risk, the important role of suicide history (attempted suicide in the past) and the presence of non-suicidal self-harm, risky behavior are shown. The data on affective, cognitive and social risk factors for suicidal behavior, personality and psychological characteristics are given. In particular, the authors discuss the role of aggression and impulsivity, neurotism, negative affectivity, low self-esteem, insufficient stress resistance, sexual orientation, the use of surfactants, etc. In conclusion, the authors surmise that the development of suicidal behavior in adolescence is multifactorial and needs further research.