Scientific heritage of thinkers of the east as an incentive for the development of education of education of youth

The development of human civilization is due to many factors and fateful discoveries in the field of science and technology. The medieval East was characterized by a complex of political, economic and cultural transformations that ensured its special place in the development of world civilization. The basic principles of education and training developed by thinkers are a powerful stimulus in the formation of national culture, the improvement of education and training, the development of science. It is obvious that the formation of the consciousness of the younger generation without taking into account the national and cultural heritage of the people can have the opposite effect on this process. In this regard, of particular interest is the legacy of thinkers such as Ibn Sina, Abu Nasr Farabi, Biruni, Husayn Voiz Koshifi, Alisher Navoi and others. scientists of the East in their reproductions reveal the inner world of man and give important recommendations for education and upbringing. A characteristic feature of the system of pedagogical views of these thinkers was a special attention to the harmonious development of personality. The study of a wide range of issues related to the harmony of soul and body in the process of personal development, dedicated their work thinkers who had a truly encyclopedic knowledge. They considered pedagogical problems not as an abstract theory, but as part of the living process of human development. This approach largely explains the significant influence of the thinkers of the East on the European enlighteners of subsequent eras. Simultaneously with the development of natural and applied Sciences, the Humanities were also widely developed, which, having absorbed the rational basis of the views of ancient Greek scientists, were raised to new heights by the scientists – encyclopedists of the East. The most prominent representatives of this school were Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Fakhraddin Razi etc. in particular, Ibn Sina develops the basic foundations of ontological doctrine, the foundations of which were laid by Abu Nasr Farabi. Scholarencyclopedist Ibn Sina successfully engaged in almost all branches of knowledge of his time. More than 450 of his works are known, of which about 240 have come down to us, mostly in Arabic. The range of interests of the scientist was very wide: medicine, philosophy, logic, psychology, "physics" (ie, natural science), astronomy, mathematics, music, chemistry, ethics, literature, linguistics, etc., but Ibn Sina became famous mainly due to his writings on medicine and philosophy. World fame brought him medical encyclopedia "Canon of medical science" and philosophical encyclopedia "Book of healing", which absorbed not only the questions of philosophy, but also natural science.

The main work of Ibn Sina, which brought him centuries of fame throughout the cultural world, is the "Canon of medical science." This is a truly medical encyclopedia, which presents with logical harmony everything that relates to the prevention and treatment of diseases. This work has had a great influence on scholars of the East and Europe for several centuries to this day. "Canon" also had a huge impact on the development of medicine in all countries of the world. It has been translated many times into many European languages. In the "Canon of medical science" contains instructions on the need to identify the side effects of drugs, the presence of mutual strengthening of their mutual weakening of the action of drugs in their joint appointment. Ibn Sina described many new medicines of plant, animal and mineral origin. For example, his name is associated with the first use of mercury; he suggested that infectious diseases are caused by the smallest living organisms, created the science of the pulse, the principles of psychodiagnostics, color therapy.

The philosophical heritage of Ibn Sina has long been firmly established in the history of world philosophy but interest in It remains in the context of a number of modern scientific discoveries and new philosophical and other humanitarian ideas. Among the greatest achievements of Ibn Sina in the field of Humanities is that He became one of the founders of a new direction in the philosophy of the East, associated with the revival and development of aristotelism and acted as a special stage in the development of world philosophy. Ibn Sina creates his own classification of Sciences, which, along with the classification of Sciences Farabi, helped scientists of the East and West then and in the subsequent time holistically comprehend the world, its phenomena and Sciences about them. Ibn Sina is considered one of the founders of modal logic, as well as the author of new approaches to a number of syllogisms and their modes. Following Farabi, Ibn Sina gives a thorough justification for the doctrine of society. Due to this systematic and holistic approach, the ideas of Farabi and Ibn Sina about society are often used in opposition to modern anarchist anti-humanist views and teachings. As a philosopher Ibn Sina belonged to the direction of "falsafa", Eastern peripatetism. He did much to develop a philosophical dictionary in Arabic and Persian.

In Farsi his philosophical views Ibn Sina stated in the work " the Book of knowledge "("Danish-nama") is also an encyclopedia, a significant part of which is " the Book of the soul." Under the name Liber de Anima, it became famous in

Europe in the mid-12th century, when it was translated into Latin by Dominic Gundisalvi. There are currently 50 manuscripts of the Latin translation, the first edition of which was carried out in Padus in 1485. He also wrote poems in Persian, mostly in the form of rubai.

Summing up the results of his philosophical reflections work - "Instructions and instructions" (al-Isharat WA-t-tanbihat), written around 1035-1036. His "Sufi" works: "Treatise on Haya, the son of Yakzan", "the Message of the birds", "Salman and Absal" and other Philosophical encyclopedia in twenty volumes " al-Insaf "("Justice"). In his pedagogical teachings, he demanded from the teacher: "in the treatment of children, the teacher should be restrained. He should pay special attention to how students implement their knowledge. In the process of learning, -the scientist believed, it is necessary to apply a variety of methods and forms of work with children, take into account their individual characteristics, interest classes. The thoughts of the teacher should be available to all students. He should accompany his word with facial expressions and gestures, so that the training is more intelligible and causes an emotional attitude in children."

Ibn Sina in his work "the Canon of morality" revealed the causes of negative and positive qualities in the General features of the human character. The scholar in this work points out that positive and negative qualities arise from habit and under the influence of the state nobility. Ibn Sina in his works gives an explanation of such concepts as: justice, generosity, patience, responsibility, loyalty, concentration, modesty and other qualities. A learned man, he believed, should be honest in all respects and treat others in a polite manner. Especially he important believed, renunciation of vital pleasures, cleanliness and so same uncovers negative shortcomings as fear, hypocrisy, avarice, theft, fraud.

Scientist – encyclopedist, thinker and hero of his era Abu Ali Ibn Sina left a noticeable mark in many branches of science, putting forward very advanced scientific ideas of the time in the field of astronomy in one of his treatises, quoted by Beruni, Ibn Sina sets out his original way of determining the longitude of the city, using the observation of the Eclipse of the moon; he first designed the device which since the XVI century was called "nonius" (radial astronomical instrument for determining some spherical coordinates of the luminaries), named after the Portuguese scientist who rediscovered it nonius.

Ibn-Sina is truly the greatest scientist, who brought up a whole galaxy of gifted scientists. He is a man who combined the two social roles-sage-mentor and statesman, thereby embodying the ideal. Avicenna attracted many enlightened people in the medieval Muslim world-the ideal of the scientist, who stood at the head of the"model city". Perhaps there is no scientist and healer of the early middle ages, who had such a strong influence on the medicine and philosophy of the East (under the name of Ibn Sina) and the West (under the name of Avicenna), as this remarkable scientist.