Selection of high photosynthetic productivity, adaptable to mechanism and high yielding lines of winter checkpea for Rainfed areas

Автор: Dilmurodov Sherzod Dilmurodovich

Статья в выпуске: 2 (14), 2023 года.

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Currently, the possibility of satisfying the demand for checkpea grain from the crop grown in our republic is very low. Therefore, grains of the main leguminous crops are exported from abroad. In turn, the year-by-year increase in population increases the demand for checkpea grain. The checkpea plant is grown for food purposes, it is superior to all leguminous crops due to its quick-dissolving protein content, high palatability, and ease of digestion. Cereals and flour are used in the preparation of various cuisines. Checkpea plant yield and grain quality depend on changes in metabolism during plant growth as a result of the interaction of the genetic basis of the variety under several environmental conditions. The general task of the selection of checkpeas grown in different regions is to create high-yielding, high-protein, drought-resistant varieties that are adapted to the mechanization of the harvesting process. In order to eliminate the abovementioned problems, research work was carried out in the experimental area of the Qamashi department of the Southern Agricultural Research Institute. 35 varieties and lines were planted in the control nursery of winter checkpea in 3 rotations, the plot area was 5 m2, and all aspects were studied.

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Checkpeas, yield, plant height, 1000 grain weight, protein content

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14127520

IDR: 14127520

Текст научной статьи Selection of high photosynthetic productivity, adaptable to mechanism and high yielding lines of winter checkpea for Rainfed areas

Checkpea is a valuable leguminous grain and is used in various ways in the national economy. Acocan is used as a food product from checkpeas. Globally, checkpea grain is a food product in high demand by the human body, as it is rich in protein, oil and carbohydrates, the most necessary for humans [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

Checkpea plant yield and grain quality depend on changes in metabolism during plant growth as a result of the interaction of the genetic basis of the variety under several environmental conditions. The general task of the selection of checkpeas grown in different regions is to create high-yielding, high-protein, drought-resistant varieties that are adapted to the mechanization of the harvesting process [6, 7, 8, 9].

In order to eliminate the above-mentioned problems, research work was carried out in the experimental area of the Qamashi department of the Southern Agricultural Research Institute. 35 varieties and lines were planted in the control nursery of winter checkpea in 3 rotations, the plot area was 5 m2, and all aspects were studied.

According to the results of the research, it was observed that the varieties and rows of checkpeas planted on November 24, on average, fully germinated from January 13 to January 16. Germinated checkpea plants, the number of seeds of the model varieties compared to the planted seeds 93.3% of the seeds germinated, the following lines compared to the model varieties, the line KR20-CIEN-S-19 97% germination and 7 lines, the seeds planted compared to the model varieties 2- It was observed that up to 3% field fertility was high.

The growth and development of the cultivated autumn checkpea varieties and lines and the following phases of selection were carried out. Transition to the branching phase From February 19 to March 2, it was observed that the varieties and lines entered the full branching phase.

Table 1

Field fertility of winter checkpea varieties and lines, Qamashi-2022.

№	Name of Genotypes	Planting date	Germination date	Field germination, %
№	Name of Genotypes	Planting date	Germination date	Number of planting seeds	Number of germination seeds	Germination, %
1	Obod (check)	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
2	KR20-CIEN-E-14	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	47.7	95,3
3	KR20-CIEN-S-05	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	47.0	94,0
4	KR20-CIEN-S-16	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	47.7	95,3
5	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-3	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	47.7	95,3
6	Polvon (check)	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	47.3	94,7
7	KR20-CIEN-E-21	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	47.0	94,0
8	KR20-CIEN-S-07	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	47.3	94,7
9	KR20-CIEN-S-17	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
10	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-5	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	47.7	95,3
11	KR20-CIEN-E-03	24 Nov	13 Jan	50	47.7	95,3
12	KR20-CIEN-E-28	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	47.0	94,0
13	KR20-CIEN-S-09	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	47.0	94,0
14	KR20-CIEN-S-18	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
15	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-15	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	45.3	90,7
16	KR20-CIEN-E-04	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	46.3	92,7
17	KR20-CIEN-E-29	24 Nov	13 Jan	50	47.0	94,0
18	KR20-CIEN-S-11	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	45.3	90,7
19	KR20-CIEN-S-19	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	48.7	97,3
20	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-16	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	46.0	92,0
21	KR20-CIEN-E-06	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	45.7	91,3
22	KR20-CIEN-E-30	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	48.3	96,7
23	KR20-CIEN-S-12	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.0	92,0
24	KR20-CIEN-S-20	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
25	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-19	24 Nov	16 Jan	50	46.3	92,7

26	KR20-CIEN-E-09	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	46.0	92,0
27	KR20-CIEN-S-02	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	48.0	96,0
28	KR20-CIEN-S -13	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	46.3	92,7
29	KR20-CIEN-S-25	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	47.3	94,7
30	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-21	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	46.0	92,0
31	KR20-CIEN-E-12	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	45.7	91,3
32	KR20-CIEN-S-04	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
33	KR20-CIEN-S-15	24 Nov	15 Jan	50	48.0	96,0
34	KR20-CIEN-S-29	24 Nov	13 Jan	50	46.7	93,3
35	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-23	24 Nov	14 Jan	50	48.0	96,0
Mean		24 Nov	14 Jan	50	46.9	93.8
Maximum		24 Nov	16 Jan	50	48.7	97.3
Minimum		24 Nov	13 Jan	50	45.3	90.7
LSD 0.05						3
LSD 0.05 %						3.62
CV %						2.2

It was found that the transition to the branching phase of the model "Obad" and "Polvon" varieties corresponded to 24-25 February days on average, and the number of lines that went to the branching phase earlier compared to the model varieties was 8.

Table 2

Growth phases and vegetation period of autumn checkpea varieties and lines, Qamashi-2021-2022.

№	Name of Genotypes	м ,g 3 U а я Й	м .я ■5 я И	М _ей Е	'О М Й	Й	о 2 £	& Ы)
1	Obod (check)	24 Feb	12 Apr	22 Apr	2 May	5 June	27.3	141
2	KR20-CIEN-E-14	19 Feb	9 Apr	18 Apr	1 May	3 June	30.3	139
3	KR20-CIEN-S-05	27 Feb	15 Apr	24 Apr	7 May	11 June	26.7	147
4	KR20-CIEN-S-16	27 Feb	16 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	10 June	24.3	147
5	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-3	1 March	17 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	22.7	147
6	Polvon (check)	25 Feb	12 авг	23 Apr	4 May	6 June	26.3	142
7	KR20-CIEN-E-21	27 Feb	12 Apr	24 Apr	6 May	7 June	25.3	144
8	KR20-CIEN-S-07	26 Feb	14 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	8 June	24.7	143
9	KR20-CIEN-S-17	27 Feb	16 Apr	25 Apr	5 May	10 June	25.0	146
10	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-5	27 Feb	17 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	9 June	22.7	144
11	KR20-CIEN-E-03	20 Feb	9 Apr	18 Apr	30 Apr	1 June	30.7	139
12	KR20-CIEN-E-28	26 Feb	14 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	9 June	25.0	145
13	KR20-CIEN-S-09	27 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	9 June	26.0	145
14	KR20-CIEN-S-18	27 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	9 June	25.0	145
15	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-15	27 Feb	17 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	25.7	147
16	KR20-CIEN-E-04	22 Feb	15 Apr	24 Apr	4 May	9 June	24.3	146
17	KR20-CIEN-E-29	21 Feb	10 Apr	20 Apr	30 Apr	2 June	29.3	140
18	KR20-CIEN-S-11	27 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	10 June	24.7	146
19	KR20-CIEN-S-19	21 Feb	11 Apr	21 Apr	1 May	2 June	28.7	139
20	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-16	27 Feb	16 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	25.0	145
21	KR20-CIEN-E-06	26 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	11 June	23.7	147
22	KR20-CIEN-E-30	19 Feb	9 Apr	21 Apr	1 May	1 June	31.7	138
23	KR20-CIEN-S-12	27 Feb	14 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	22.7	146
24	KR20-CIEN-S-20	2 March	17 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	11 June	22.7	147

25	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-19	27 Feb	16 Apr	25 Apr	8 May	10 June	25.3	144,7
26	KR20-CIEN-E-09	24 Feb	14 Apr	25 Apr	5 May	8 June	25.3	144,7
27	KR20-CIEN-S-02	20 Feb	10 Apr	20 Apr	30 Apr	2 June	29.3	137,7
28	KR20-CIEN-S-13	26 Feb	16 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	21.3	147,0
29	KR20-CIEN-S-25	27 Feb	17 Apr	26 Apr	7 May	9 June	23.7	144,7
30	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-21	27 Feb	17 Apr	26 Apr	8 May	10 June	25.3	146,7
31	KR20-CIEN-E-12	25 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	9 June	24.0	145,0
32	KR20-CIEN-S-04	27 Feb	15 Apr	25 Apr	7 May	9 June	26.7	146,7
33	KR20-CIEN-S-15	20 Feb	10 Apr	23 Apr	30 Apr	1 June	28.7	137,3
34	KR20-CIEN-S-29	27 Feb	17 Apr	25 Apr	6 May	10 June	25.3	148,0
35	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-23	27 Feb	16 Apr	26 Apr	7 May	10 June	26.7	146,3
Mean		25 Feb	14 Apr	24 Apr	3 May	8 June	25.8	144.1
Maximum		2 March	17 Apr	26 Apr	8 May	11 June	31.7	148.0
Minimum		19 Feb	9 Apr	18 Apr	30 Apr	1 June	21.3	137.3
LSD 0.05							1.06	2.22
LSD 0.05 %							4.11	1.54
CV %							2.5	1

According to the results of the monitoring of the budding phase, it was observed that the varieties and lines moved to the average budding phase according to returns, which corresponded to April 9-17.

The transition of the model varieties to the budding phase coincided with April 12, the number of lines that went to the budding phase earlier compared to the model varieties was 7. When we observed the flowering phase, which is one of the main phases of the varieties and lines of checkpeas studied in our research, it was found that the transition to the flowering phase according to the average returns was from April 18 to April 26, and the transition to the flowering phase of the model varieties was from April 22-23. KR20-CIEN-E-14, KR20-CIEN-E-03 entered the flowering phase on April 18, while KR20-CIEN-E-29, KR20-CIEN-S-02 entered the flowering phase on April 20. if passed, it was determined that the sample passed 2-4 days earlier than the varieties.

When we studied the index of pod formation, the average pod formation in varieties and rows was observed from April 30 to May 8, the complete pod formation of varieties and lines was observed, in which the pod formation of the model varieties coincided with May 2 and 4, the model switched to pod formation earlier compared to the varieties the number of lines was 4. In our research, the period from germination to ripening of the varietys and lines planted in the control nursery is considered as the growing period of the plant, the growth period of the studied varieties and lines was 148 days out of 137 days on average, and the growth period of the varieties was 141142 days. The number of lines that matured earlier compared to the model varieties was 4. It was determined as a result of the analysis that these lines have the characteristic of early ripening.

When we analyzed the plant height index of the varieties and lines studied in our study, it was determined by biometric measurements that the average of the returns was from 21.3 cm to 31.7 cm. The number of high lines was 3.

Table 3

The number of pods and grains per plant of varietys and rows in the control nursery of winter checkpea, pcs.

№	Name of Genotypes	is л J ® 1 Е 5 ш и .2 л 1 S Н а	The number of pods per plant, pcs				.и CZ? © у Sh 95 а н
№	Name of Genotypes	is л J ® 1 Е 5 ш и .2 л 1 S Н а	*5 М гН	*5 м гч	*5 Ы) СП	н	.и CZ? © у Sh 95 а н
1	Obod (check)	7.7	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
2	KR20-CIEN-E-14	12.3	20.7	1.7	0.3	22.7	25,0
3	KR20-CIEN-S-05	9.7	16.0	1.3	0.3	17.7	19,7
4	KR20-CIEN-S-16	8.3	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
5	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-3	8.3	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
6	Polvon (check)	8.7	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
7	KR20-CIEN-E-21	7.7	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
8	KR20-CIEN-S-07	7.7	15.7	1.7	0.3	17.7	20,0
9	KR20-CIEN-S-17	9.7	18.0	0.7	0.3	19.0	20,3
10	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-5	9.7	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
11	KR20-CIEN-E-03	11.7	19.0	1.7	0.7	21.3	24,3
12	KR20-CIEN-E-28	8.7	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
13	KR20-CIEN-S-09	8.7	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
14	KR20-CIEN-S-18	7.7	15.3	1.7	0.3	17.3	19,7
15	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-15	7.7	15.7	1.0	0.7	17.3	19,7
16	KR20-CIEN-E-04	7.7	15.7	1.7	0.3	17.7	20,0
17	KR20-CIEN-E-29	12.7	19.0	1.7	0.7	21.3	24,3
18	KR20-CIEN-S-11	7.3	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
19	KR20-CIEN-S-19	12.7	18.7	1.7	0.7	21.0	24,0
20	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-16	8.7	15.7	1.7	0.3	17.7	20,0
21	KR20-CIEN-E-06	9.0	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
22	KR20-CIEN-E-30	12.0	17.3	2.0	1.0	20.3	24,3
23	KR20-CIEN-S-12	9.3	15.7	2.0	0.7	18.3	21,7
24	KR20-CIEN-S-20	7.3	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
25	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-19	7.3	14.7	2.0	0.0	16.7	18,7
26	KR20-CIEN-E-09	7.7	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
27	KR20-CIEN-S-02	12.3	22.3	0.7	0.7	23.7	25,7
28	KR20-CIEN-S-13	8.7	15.7	1.7	0.3	17.7	20,0
29	KR20-CIEN-S-25	9.3	13.0	2.0	0.7	15.7	19,0
30	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-21	9.3	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
31	KR20-CIEN-E-12	8.7	19.0	1.7	0.7	21.3	24,3
32	KR20-CIEN-S-04	8.3	16.0	2.3	0.0	18.3	20,7
33	KR20-CIEN-S-15	12.7	21.3	2.0	0.0	23.3	25,3
34	KR20-CIEN-S-29	8.7	15.3	1.7	0.3	17.3	19,7
35	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-23	8.7	19.0	0.3	0.3	19.7	20,7
Mean		9,2	16.6	1.8	0.3	18.7	21.0
Maximum		12,7	22.3	2.3	1.0	23.7	25.7
Minimum		7,3	13.0	0.3	0.0	15.7	18.7
LSD 0.05							0.91
LSD 0.05 %							4.31
CV %							2.7

Today, one of the urgent issues is the adaptation of agricultural crops to mechanization, which is one of the most important aspects, because there is a lack of manual labor for harvesting and it is necessary to harvest the checkpea crop planted in large areas without destroying it. Therefore, in our ongoing research, we also selected the checkpea plant based on how many centimeters above the soil the first pods were formed. When we measured the first pods in varieties and lines, it was determined by biometric measurements that the average return range was from 7.3 cm to 12.7 cm. . In this case, the number of lines formed by pods in the upper part of the plant body was 15, compared to the standard varieties.

One of the indicators of plant productivity in leguminous crops is the number of grains per plant. Looking at the analysis of our research, it was observed that the number of grains per bush in the varieties and rows of checkpeas is on average from 18.7 to 25.7 grains, and it was found that the number of grains in one bush of standard varieties is from 18 to 20.7 grains.

It was found that the number of lines with a large number of grains compared to the model variety was 4 to 5 more than the number of grains of the 8 lines compared to the number of grains of the model variety.

Varieties and lines with high number of pods and number of grains per plant were selected and recommended to be used as donors in selection work.

According to the results of our researches, when we analyzed the varieties and rows of autumn checkpeas according to the index of weight of 1000 grains, it was found out that the average return is from 264.8 grams to 357.5 grams. The weight of 1000 grains of sample varieties was 319.4 and 320.6 grams, while the number of lines higher than the weight of 1000 grains of sample varieties was 8.

Table 4

Yield and quality indicators of varietys and lines in control nursery of winter checkpea

№	Name of Genotypes	TKW, g	Grain yield, c/ha	Protein content, %
1	Obod (check)	320.6	3.8	26,5
2	KR20-CIEN-E-14	345.9	4.8	28,1
3	KR20-CIEN-S-05	295.6	2.8	21,9
4	KR20-CIEN-S-16	296.6	3.1	24,2
5	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-3	274.9	3.2	22,9
6	Polvon (check)	319.4	3.4	24,2
7	KR20-CIEN-E-21	342.7	3.1	23,4
8	KR20-CIEN-S-07	274.9	3.2	24,4
9	KR20-CIEN-S-17	303.8	2.9	22,5
10	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-5	289.5	2.9	24,5
11	KR20-CIEN-E-03	357.5	4.8	29,1
12	KR20-CIEN-E-28	335.6	2.9	22,4
13	KR20-CIEN-S-09	289.5	2.5	22,6
14	KR20-CIEN-S-18	308.8	3.2	22,2
15	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-15	264.8	2.9	25,5
16	KR20-CIEN-E-04	321.3	3.2	22,3
17	KR20-CIEN-E-29	346.5	5.1	29,1
18	KR20-CIEN-S-11	264.8	3.0	25,5
19	KR20-CIEN-S-19	346.6	3.1	27,7
20	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-16	304.2	3.0	23,9
21	KR20-CIEN-E-06	318.5	2.7	24,3
22	KR20-CIEN-E-30	355.6	4.9	28,4
23	KR20-CIEN-S-12	304.2	2.8	24,7
24	KR20-CIEN-S-20	301.7	2.9	24,3

25	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-19	310.7	2.9	20,9
26	KR20-CIEN-E-09	296.4	2.9	24,3
27	KR20-CIEN-S-02	348.8	5.2	29,1
28	KR20-CIEN-S-13	310.7	3.3	23,6
29	KR20-CIEN-S-25	322.7	2.9	22,2
30	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-21	320.6	2.9	24,5
31	KR20-CIEN-E-12	285.1	3.2	22,2
32	KR20-CIEN-S-04	322.7	2.8	25,3
33	KR20-CIEN-S-15	356.4	4.7	28,1
34	KR20-CIEN-S-29	295.6	3.3	25,9
35	KR-20-LCPYT-RF-23	322.5	3.1	21,9
Mean		313.6	3.4	24.6
Maximum		357.5	5.2	29.1
Minimum		264.8	2.5	20.9
LSD 0.05		0.72	0.14	0.59
LSD 0.05 %		0.23	3.97	2.38
CV %		0.1	2.5	1.5

When we analyzed the yield indicators of the varieties and rows of the planted winter checkpeas, it was found out that the average yield was from 2.5 to 5.2 tons/harvest, while the yield of the model varieties was from 3.4 to 3.8 tons/harvest. it was found out.

Compared to the productivity of model varieties, the lines that gave high yield KR20-CIEN-S-05, KR20-CIEN-E-03 lines 4.8 t/ha, KR20-CIEN-E-29 line 5.1 t/ha, KR20-CIEN- It was found that the grain yield of the E-30 line was 4.9 tons/ha, the KR20-CIEN-S-02 line was 5.2 tons/ha, and the KR20-CIEN-S-15 line was 4.7 tons/ha. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that it gave a high grain yield of up to 1.4 centners.

The results of the analysis of the amount of protein in the grain of leguminous crops useful for the human body revealed that the amount of protein in the grain of the varieties and lines ranged from 20.9% to 29.1% on average, while the amount of protein in the grain of the standard varieties was 24.2% to 26.5%. 6 lines with higher protein content compared to standard varieties were selected and 8 lines with higher overall indicators were selected and transferred to the next stages of selection.

For dry areas, 6 lines with high yield and productivity of winter checkpeas, yielding 1.21.5 t/ha compared to standard varieties, adapted to mechanization and high photosynthetic productivity were selected.

Список литературы Selection of high photosynthetic productivity, adaptable to mechanism and high yielding lines of winter checkpea for Rainfed areas

Amanov, O. A., Otakulova, D. A., & Kayumov, N. S. (2021). Study of chickchickcheckpea lines in rainfed areas on the basis of yield and grain quality traits. In Наука, Образование, Общество: Актуальные Вопросы, Достижения и Инновации (pp. 34-36).
Amirkulov, O. S., Ziyadov, E. O., & Kayumov, N. S. (2021). Selection of chickchickcheckpea lines in rainfed areas on the basis of yield and protein content traits. In Наука, образование, инновации: актуальные вопросы и современные аспекты (pp. 63-65).
Dilmurodov, S., & Kayumov, N. (2022). Selection of productive lines of winter chickchickcheckpea for dryland areas. Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences, 1(1), 27-31.
Kayumov, N. S. (2021). Selection of drought resistant lines of chickchickcheckpea for rainfed areas with low rainfall. In Наука, образование, инновации: актуальные вопросы и современные аспекты (pp. 59-62).
Kayumov, N. S., & Dilmurodov, S. D. (2020). Selection of heat and drought tolerant varieties and lines of chickchickcheckpea for rainfed areas. In Высокие технологии, наука и образование: актуальные вопросы, достижения и инновации (pp. 129-131).
Shakirjonovich, K. N. (2023, January). Field study of heat and drought resistance of chickchickchickcheckpea varieties and samples in rainfried areas southern institute of agricultural scientific research. In Proceedings of International Conference on Modern Science and Scientific Studies (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 4-7).
Shakirjonovich, K. N., & Dilmuradovich, D. S. (2023). Productivity, Grain Quality Indicator and Continuity of the Growth Period of Chickchickchickcheckpea Varieties and Samples. Vital Annex: International Journal of Novel Research in Advanced Sciences, 2(1), 4-10.
Зиядов, Э. О., Каюмов, Н. Ш., & Аманов, О. А. (2020). Лалмикор майдонларда нўхатнинг эртапишар ва ҳосилдор нав ва намуналарини танлаш. Молодой ученый, (38), 215-217.
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