Selective cerebral and coronary perfusion in the correction of coarctation of the aorta with tubular aortic arch hypoplasia (literature review)

This literature review presents the analysis of different techniques for approaches and cerebral and cardiac protection in surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with tubular aortic arch hypoplasia. Various definitions of tubular hypoplasia are reviewed. The attempt is made to bring together theoretical basis and data concerning the results of particular methods. The authors investigate up-to-date literature data based on results using thoracotomy and sternotomy approaches in CoA correction with tubular aortic arch hypoplasia. Literature results of operations using these approaches and authors' rival opinions for different methods are presented. The impact of hypothermia and its physiological effects on the brain and the late neurological outcomes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion and authors' opposite opinions on these techniques are presented. The methods of selective cerebral perfusion control and strategies to assess its adequacy are briefly described. Coronary perfusion peculiarities, hypothermic cardioplegia effects on the myocardium, and disadvantages of hyperkalemic cardioplegia are summarized. Based on literature data, the authors justify the implementation of selective coronary perfusion for the correction of CoA with tubular aortic arch hypoplasia.