Seasonal rhythm of European species of the genus Sorbus L. development in the South Ural Botanical Garden

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the results of phenological observations of introduced Sorbus L., their adaptation; to highlight the most stable and promising species for cultivation in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. A brief description of nine European rowan species from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFRC RAS (Ufa) is given, included in the sections: Sorbus C. Koch - S. aucuparia L.; Lobatae Gabr. - S. × thuringiaca (Ilse) Fritsch, S. × hybrida L., S. intermedia (Ehrh) Pers., S. mougeotii Soy - Willem. et Godr., S. teodorii Liljef.; Aria Pers. - S. aria L.; S. × latifolia (Lam.) Pers.; Chamaemespilus G. Hedi - S. chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz. The average growing season for European species is 151-171 days, the shortest for Western European S. aria is 151 days, the longest for local S. aucuparia is 171 days. As a result of cluster analysis of phenophases, the studied species were divided into 4 groups: early-blooming and early-flowering, mid-blooming and mid-finishing, late-blooming and late-blooming and late-ending. Differences in the timing of the onset of the main phenological phases may be genetically associated with species characteristics or with their origin, which, in different natural conditions of continental Europe, bloom, blossom, bear fruit and end the growing season at different times. Most of the studied European species (with the exception of S. aria) are characterized by unpretentiousness, so they can be used as an ornamental crop when creating landscape compositions and in private gardens. New to the collection, S. teodorii and S. × latifolia have proven themselves to be promising species with high winter hardiness and resistance, which will expand the range of tree and shrub plants in the Bashkir Cis-Urals.