School construction in the Yenisei province at the turn of the epoch (1910-1920s)

The paper studies the features of creating and searching for ways to transform the system of school construction in the eastern regions of Russia in the first decades of the XXth century. The purpose of the study is - to fill, on the basis of archival documents, information about the practical forms of introducing universal education of the population on Siberian soil, carried out in the process of searching for a new typology of school buildings. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the paper presents previously unpublished text and graphic materials, in particular, those stored in the archive of the city of Achinsk. The activities that contributed to the process of expanding school construction at the beginning of the XXth century are shown, among which education in 1909 under the Ministry of Public Education of the Peter the Great School and Construction Fund, as well as the activities of the Society for the Care of Primary Education, created in the Yenisei Province at the turn of the century, should be highlighted. The main starting point of their work was material assistance to the City and Zemstvo public ad-ministrations in improving the situation and increasing the number of primary schools, helping the poorest and most capable students in purchasing books, teaching aids, clothes and shoes, and providing benefits to teachers. Archival documents are presented that testify to the activities carried out in the counties of the Yenisei Province to organize control over the state of school construction in rural areas, collect statistical information and make drawings of school buildings. Some trends in the collapse of the existing system of school education during the years of the Civil War are noted. It was revealed that after the final establishment of Soviet power in Siberia (1920), the priority measures for the normalization of school affairs were the design of school buildings and the search for ways to restore the network of school construction. During this period, among the cultural and educational facilities in Siberian villages, types of buildings for people's houses and schools for peasant youth appeared. The analysis of standard drawings of school buildings sent from the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR to the leadership of the Siberian Region was carried out, on the basis of which Novosibirsk designers completed school projects that had optimal characteristics for rural areas. The results of the study showed that the development of a plan for the introduction of universal education in the USSR in the 1920s relied primarily on the creation of an appropriate network of schools, including in rural areas, and the strengthening of its educational and material base. This was facilitated by school construction funds, from which funds were allocated for the construction of schools. Archival documents give a visual representation of one of the brightest stages in the transformation of Siberia, associated with the search for new social and economic forms of organization of school construction in the difficult conditions of the turn of the epochs at the beginning of the XXth century. The considered documents on the plans and ways of transforming the school network in the eastern territories of the country made it possible to reveal little-known pages in the history of the Yenisei Province, to reveal the inextricable relationship with modern problems of the development of Siberia.