Synthesis and structure of aryl phosphorus compounds

Based on an analysis of the literature published from the late 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, methods for the synthesis of some complex tetraorganylphosphonium salts are systematized and described, along with the features of the chemical transformations of pentaphenylphosphorus, which was first obtained in 1953. The tetraorganylphosphonium salts were known much earlier, however, the features of the synthesis of transition metal complexes, which are usually obtained from tetraorganylphosphorus halides and metal halides, have not been sufficiently studied. The present review is devoted to the discussion of these topics, since the famous Wittig Reaction is associated with aryl phosphorus compounds, which allows synthesizing alkenes of a given structure, and derivatives of transition metals rightfully occupy a special place among catalysts of various chemical processes. The continuation of these classical studies in the field of chemistry of organoelemental compounds takes place at one of the leading universities in Russia - South Ural State University in the laboratory of chemistry of organoelemental compounds at the Faculty of Chemistry. This article aims at familiarizing the reader with the achievements of Professor V.V. Sharutin and his students in the field of organophosphorus compounds. The main attention is paid to the reactions of pentaphenylphosphorus and its derivatives, as well as methods for the synthesis of ionic complexes of silver, gold, copper, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, palladium and platinum with tetraorganylphosphonium cations. The structural features of the described compounds and the possibility of using transition metal complexes in some catalytic reactions are described.