Systemic Contradictions of the Institution of Other Documents as Evidence in the Context of Digitalization of Criminal Proceedings

The article analyzes the systemic contradictions of the institution of other documents as evidence, which are intensifying under conditions of digital transformation of criminal proceedings. The author systematizes scientific positions regarding the evidentiary status of electronic information and substantiates its correspondence to the characteristics of other documents. The central object of the study are three fundamental contradictions generated by digitalization: between the informational content of electronic documents and insufficient procedural regulation; between the universality of the institution of other documents and the specificity of digital forms of information recording; between the need for flexibility in legal regulation and imperative requirements for ensuring admissibility. It is revealed that digitalization transforms each essential characteristic of other documents, creating qualitatively new challenges for evidence law. Conceptual foundations are proposed for overcoming the identified contradictions through establishing differentiated procedural requirements for electronic documents, implementing technological standards for data integrity, and creating a special legal regime for obtaining electronic evidentiary information from information systems.