Screening of the International Chickpea Collection for Fat and Protein Content in the Conditions of the Southern Forest-Steppe of the Omsk Region

Chickpea is a valuable nutrient, a source of balanced nutrition for humans, due to the high content of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. In this regard, it is relevant to study the genetic diversity of the international chickpea collection for the protein and fat content in seeds. The studies were carried out at the educational and experimental farm of Omsk State Agrarian University in 2023. The object was 40 samples and breeding lines obtained from VIR, Siberian Research Institute of Forage, A.I. Barayev Research and Production Center of Grain Farming (Kazakhstan). Screening of samples of the international chickpea collection for the content of reserve nutrients showed the presence of great genetic diversity among the studied forms. The fat content in chickpea seeds varied from 1.5 to 6.6%, protein - from 18.8 to 31.0%. It was found that most of the samples of the chickpea collection were characterized by an average (from 2 to 5%) fat content in seeds. The Desi morphotype accessions had predominantly high or very high protein content in seeds (76% of accessions), while the Kabuli morphotype accessions had average protein content (72% of accessions). The following sources were identified for chickpea breeding: with high protein content: ICC-2990, ICC-5434, ICC-14669, ICC-2210, NR 14-6-1, Pois-Chiche Noir, Mestny (k-591), Rosso, ICC-1052, ICC-12155, ICC-3325, Mestny (Nukhud), Erbsen Spanishe Kicher, Mestny (k-669), Privo 11, Ukrainskiy, ER-99 (23.9-31.0%); with high fat content: Krasnokutskiy 123, Mestny (k-323), 25-B, AKGIN-91 (5.0-6.6%). A negative relationship between protein and fat content in chickpea seeds was confirmed (r = - 0.32 ± 0.192), which complicates the creation of varieties with a high content of both nutrients. Of great interest are the selected chickpea samples combining high nutrient content with other valuable breeding traits: Mestny (k-323) - 6.6% fat, 144 seeds per plant, 60 g seed productivity, 393 g weight of 1000 seeds; 25-B - 5.9% fat, 453 g weight of 1000 seeds; AKGIN-91 - 5.0% fat, 459 g weight of 1000 seeds; Pois-Chiche Noir - 26.3% protein, early maturity (80 days), 138 seeds per plant, 30 g seed productivity; NR 14-6-1 - 25.4% protein, 287 g weight of 1000 seeds, 26 g seed productivity; ICC-14669 - 26.3% protein, 124 seeds per plant; Mestny (Nukhud) - 29.8% protein, 165 seeds per plant, 38 g seed productivity; Erbsen Spanishe Kicher - 27.33% protein, 124 seeds per plant, 33 g seed productivity, 267 g weight of 1000 seeds; Mestny (k-669) - 24.2% protein, 455% weight of 1000 seeds.