Screening of the fiber flax gene pool samples under the conditions of the central region of Russia

In 2016-2018, a study was conducted in the Smolensk region of 41 samples of fiber flax, which included varieties and breeding lines of domestic and foreign breeding, as well as local and draft forms. The site soil is sod-podzolic, medium loamy with a high phosphorus content of 214 mg / kg and an average potassium of 106 mg / kg (according to Kirsanov), the reaction of the medium is slightly acidic (pH 5.0). Excessive moisture, which was observed in 2017 during the seedling - budding period (GTK - 1.7), led to a significant decrease in the signs determining the fiber yield, which allowed us to evaluate the samples for resistance to this stressor. Resistance to adverse environmental factors was evaluated by comparing the studied samples with the average value of the standards according to the method of L.A. Zhivotkova. Sources of high precocity were identified (l. 323-02; k-470, Porkhov ridge; k-753, Opochetsky ridge; k-375, Moscow region; k-230, Severodvinsk province; kk-737, Smolensk region) for the conditions of the Central region Russia, in which the length of the growing season is 6 days shorter compared to the early ripening variety Leader. The samples selected significantly exceeded the standard in terms of the main indicators of fiber and seed productivity: plant height (Yarok, Andrea, Lira, Belita, I 7520-26, l.97199-6-5, Cinelle) - an excess of 6.0-23.4%, yields of straw (China 1, Andrea, Lira, Marylin, Belita, I 52263, I 7520-26, Cesar, Belinka x Dashkovsky, Belinka, Cienille, Dobrinya) - 16.1-27.6%, yields of seeds (l.319-02, L. Crystal x Istra, Alpha and Kastychay) - 18-22.5%, content and yield of long fiber (Diplomat, Yarok, Andrea, Marylin, L. 323-02, L. 272-02, L. 319-02, Altea, Nadezhda, Cesar, Sursky, Dobrinya) - 6.510.0 and 3.5-9.4 abs. percent respectively. The samples I 52263, Altea, Cesar, l. Belinka x Dashkovsky and Cenille are characterized by a high level of resistance to waterlogging during the critical period of growth and development of fiber flax plants.