Mortality in the Southern Urals in the 1930s: male and female population

The population size depends on a number of factors, the determining one being mortality. Mortality of the population consists of a number of reasons, both biological (age, illness) and social (material well-being). In the 1930s, socio-economic and political events took place in the Southern Urals, as well as throughout the country, such as forced industrialization, collectivization, famine of 1932-1933, which had a significant impact on mortality among the population. Significant differences in mortality rates were observed among such categories of the population as rural and urban, male and female. By the 1930s, the male population was inferior in number to the female population, which was due to losses during the First World War and the Civil War. In addition, the male population is more susceptible to injury due to employment in heavy industrial production. In turn, the female population is most vulnerable during and after pregnancy (maternal mortality). The results of the first All-Union Population Census of 1926 and the last pre-war Population Census of 1939 were used as sources on the problem under consideration. Materials from central and local archives were used to identify the movement of mortality among the population. The current population accounting, its forms, were subject to changes throughout the 1930s. In 1935, form 3 was introduced, which made it possible to assess the mortality rate and its dynamics among the male and female population. During the period under consideration, a gender imbalance is observed: in terms of population size, women predominate, in terms of mortality rates, men.